纳米颗粒与免疫细胞之间以多种不同方式相互作用。这些相互作用对于决定纳米颗粒在癌症治疗中的应用能力至关重要。传统上，利用PEG化等策略来减少纳米颗粒被免疫细胞摄取的动力学，赋予它们长循环特性，并利用增强渗透和滞留效应（EPR）使其在肿瘤中积累。最近，随着免疫疗法在癌症临床管理中变得越来越重要，学术界和工业界的研究努力越来越多地专注于用纳米颗粒特异性地靶向免疫细胞。在本章中，我们描述了纳米颗粒与免疫细胞靶向治疗的障碍和机会，并讨论了如何利用基于纳米颗粒的药物传递到肿瘤中的特定免疫细胞群体以及次要的骨髓和淋巴器官（如骨髓、淋巴结和脾脏），来提高癌症免疫疗法的功效。© 2023，作者（在Springer Nature Switzerland AG的独家许可下）。

Nanoparticles interact with immune cells in many different ways. These interactions are crucially important for determining nanoparticles' ability to be used for cancer therapy. Traditionally, strategies such as PEGylation have been employed to reduce (the kinetics of) nanoparticle uptake by immune cells, to endow them with long circulation properties, and to enable them to exploit the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect to accumulate in tumors. More recently, with immunotherapy becoming an increasingly important cornerstone in the clinical management of cancer, ever more research efforts in academia and industry are focusing on specifically targeting immune cells with nanoparticles. In this chapter, we describe the barriers and opportunities of immune cell targeting with nanoparticles, and we discuss how nanoparticle-based drug delivery to specific immune cell populations in tumors as well as in secondary myeloid and lymphoid organs (such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen) can be leveraged to boost the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.