三维（3D）器官样体培养是一种实验室技术，用于培养和研究模拟人体真实器官的结构和功能的微型器官。器官样体是由干细胞或组织样本创造而成，并在允许它们自我组织成复杂的三维结构的三维基质中生长。器官样体是研究人类生物学和疾病的宝贵工具，包括癌症。尽管近年来在癌症治疗方面取得了进展，但胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）仍然是常见恶性肿瘤的最低生存率。临床前研究表明，细胞死亡途径的损伤，包括凋亡，坏死性程序化死亡，铁死亡，火死亡和碱死亡，促进PDAC的发展。如今，器官样体模型在研究胰腺癌生物学，包括细胞死亡机制方面得到了广泛应用。本章提供了在3D Matrigel系统中生成人类或小鼠PDAC器官样体的逐步方案。© 2023作者(们)独家许可给Springer Science+Business Media, LLC，属于Springer Nature的一部分。

Three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture is a laboratory technique used to grow and study miniature organs that mimic the structure and function of real organs in the human body. Organoids are created from stem cells or tissue samples and are grown in a 3D matrix that allows them to self-organize into a complex, three-dimensional structure. Organoids are valuable tools for studying human biology and disease, including cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still has the worst survival rate of common malignancies, despite recent advances in cancer treatment. Preclinical studies have shown that impaired cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and alkaliptosis, promote PDAC development. Organoid models are now widely used in the study of pancreatic cancer biology, including cell death machinery. This chapter provides step-by-step protocols for generating human or mice PDAC organoids in a 3D Matrigel system.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.