长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）通过表观遗传调控在维持基因组完整性中起重要作用。lncRNA可以通过顺式和逆式途径与染色质修饰复合物相互作用，将它们引导到特定的基因组位点，并通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和染色质重塑来影响基因表达。它们也可以作为组装不同染色质修饰组分的构建模块，促进它们的相互作用和基因调控功能。这些分子的失调与多种人类疾病相关，包括癌症、心血管疾病和神经系统疾病。因此，lncRNA被认为是潜在的诊断指标和治疗靶点。本综述讨论了lncRNA在介导表观遗传调控、基因组完整性方面的当前理解，以及它们在疾病发病机制中的功能推测。

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are significant contributors in maintaining genomic integrity through epigenetic regulation. LncRNAs can interact with chromatin-modifying complexes in both cis and trans pathways, drawing them to specific genomic loci and influencing gene expression via DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. They can also operate as building blocks to assemble different chromatin-modifying components, facilitating their interactions and gene regulatory functions. Deregulation of these molecules has been associated with various human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. Thus, lncRNAs are implicated as potential diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of how lncRNAs mediate epigenetic control, genomic integrity, and their putative functions in disease pathogenesis.