结直肠癌（CRC）的发生普遍存在且对人类健康造成严重影响，全球发生率位居第三，死亡率位居第二。目前的CRC治疗方法，包括手术、放射治疗和化疗，对于提高CRC患者的生存率和生活质量意义不大，因此开发新的治疗策略至关重要。细胞免疫治疗和其他免疫疗法应运而生。目前，γδ T细胞被认为是细胞免疫治疗的主要接受者，因此受到特别重视。本研究发现γδ T细胞具有触发CRC细胞的细胞毒性、分泌细胞因子、吸引免疫细胞以摧毁癌细胞和间接抑制CRC进展能力。然而，γδ T细胞可能引发炎性因子风暴并抑制免疫反应，促进CRC的进展。本综述展示了γδ T细胞启动途径与其与肠道菌群的密切关联。观察到肠道菌群在促进γδ T细胞的刺激和功能方面起到重要作用。抗肿瘤效应主要受脱硫弧菌和乳酸菌的调控，而肿瘤促进作用的调节与梭菌和致病性棒状杆菌密切相关。本综述系统梳理了γδ T细胞的双重功能和其与肠道菌群的关系，为γδ T细胞在CRC治疗中的应用提供了概念框架。版权©2023 Elsevier B.V.出版。

The occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent and severely affects human health, with the third-greatest occurrence and the second-greatest rate of death globally. Current CRC treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, do not significantly improve CRC patients' survival rate and quality of life, so it is essential to develop new treatment strategies. Adoptive cell therapy and other immunotherapy came into being. Currently, there has been an especially significant emphasis on γδ T cells as being the primary recipient of adoptive cell therapy. The present investigation found that γδ T cells possess the capability to trigger cytotoxicity in CRC cells, secrete cytokines, recruit immune cells for the purpose of destroying cancer cells, and inhibit the progress of CRC indirectly. Nevertheless, It is possible for γδ T cells to initiate a storm of inflammatory factors and inhibit the immune response to promote the advancement of CRC. This review demonstrates a close association between the γδ T cell initiation pathway and their close association with the intestinal flora. It has been observed that the intestinal flora performs a vital function in facilitating the stimulation and functioning of γδ T cells. The tumor-fighting effect is mainly regulated by desulphurizing Vibrio and lactic acid bacteria. In contrast, the regulation of tumor-promoting impact is closely related to Clostridia and ETBF. This review systematically combs γδ T cell dual function and their relationship to intestinal flora, which offers a conceptual framework for the γδ T cell application for CRC therapies.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.