阿米巴肉芽肿（amoeboma）是异位阿米巴感染的假性肿瘤表现，由阿米巴组织胞浆菌（Entamoeba histolytica）引起的寄生虫感染。它在胆囊的发生极为罕见，文献中仅发现了一例。因此，我们在此报告一例胆囊阿米巴病变（amoeboma）类似于胆管癌（cholangiocarcinoma）的病例报告。 一位62岁的患者因持续4个月的胆绞痛来就诊，没有相关症状。磁共振成像和胸腹部CT显示胆囊癌扩展至肝脏，并可能出现局限性腹膜癌转移。因此，我们进行了扩大切除胆囊并进行淋巴结清扫以确诊胆管癌。病理学结果显示胆囊阿米巴病变扩展至肝脏和十二指肠。 据我们所知，文献中仅有一例胆囊阿米巴病变，使得此病例报告具有重要价值。从这个观察中可以得出一些教训。事实上，在临床症状、生物学（良好的全身状况和肿瘤标志物阴性）和影像学之间存在差异时，我们更倾向于采用以下治疗策略：对肝实质进行活检，进行阿米巴血清学检查以确认诊断。然后给予甲硝唑治疗并通过CT扫描确认可疑损害的消失。 胆囊阿米巴病变是一种罕见的疾病，但在胆管癌的非典型表现时需要考虑该病情。术前提出并确认诊断可以避免过度手术。 © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Amoeboma is a pseudotumoral presentation of amebiasis which is a parasitic infection caused by entamoeba histolytica. Its location in the gallbladder is extremely rare. Indeed, only one other case was found in the literature. Therefore, we present this case report on managing a gallbladder amoeboma mimicking a cholangiocarcinoma.A 62-year-old presenting for consultation for biliary colic that has been developing for 4 months without associated signs. MRI and thoraco-abdominal CT concluded to a cholangiocarcinoma of the gallbladder extended to the liver with probable localized peritoneal carcinosis. We, therefore, performed extended cholecystectomy with lymphadenectomy for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Pathology concluded to an amoeboma of the gallbladder extended to the liver and duodenum.To our knowledge, there is only one case of gallbladder amoeboma in the literature making this case report valuable. It is important to draw lessons of this observation. Indeed, in front of the discrepancy between the clinic, biology (good general condition and negative tumor markers) and the imaging, we prefer this therapeutic strategy: make a biopsy of the hepatic parenchyma, realize amoebic serology to confirm the diagnosis. Then subject the patient to a therapeutic test based on metronidazole and confirm the disappearance of suspicious lesions by CT scan.Gallbladder amoeboma is an exceptional entity, but it needs to be kept in mind in case of an atypical presentation of a cholangiocarcinoma. Evoking and confirming the diagnosis preoperatively makes it possible to avoid excessive surgery.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.