免疫传感器是用于当前黄金标准方法的检测平台的有希望的替代品。电化学免疫传感器已经证明了它们对于敏感、选择性地检测与COVID-19、不同类型的癌症或阿尔茨海默病等相关的目标生物标志物的能力。在电化学技术中，电化学阻抗谱（EIS）是一种高灵敏度的技术，它检测电化学电池在一定范围内的阻抗。成功构建阻抗疫苗传感器需要满足几个重要的关键要求。应用表面化学和固定化方案对于已开发的免疫传感器的电分析性能具有影响。在本综述中，我们总结了基于EIS的免疫传感器的构建模块，包括自组装单分子层、纳米材料、聚合物、固定化方案和抗体定向。版权所有 © 2023，由Elsevier Inc.发表。

Immunosensors are promising alternatives as detection platforms for the current gold standards methods. Electrochemical immunosensors have already proven their capability for the sensitive, selective, detection of target biomarkers specific to COVID-19, varying cancers or Alzheimer's disease, etc. Among the electrochemical techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a highly sensitive technique which examines the impedance of an electrochemical cell over a range of frequencies. There are several important critical requirements for the construction of successful impedimetric immunosensor. The applied surface chemistry and immobilisation protocol have impact on the electroanalytical performance of the developed immunosensors. In this Review, we summarise the building blocks of immunosensors based on EIS, including self-assembly monolayers, nanomaterials, polymers, immobilisation protocols and antibody orientation.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.