非霍奇金淋巴瘤（DLBCL）可通过标准的前线免疫化学治疗获得治愈，而近30-40%的患者出现难治性或复发现象。几十年来，健壮的复发/难治（R/R）DLBCL患者的标准治疗策略一直是高剂量化疗后自体造血干细胞移植（自体-SCT）。然而，在挽救治疗失败或随后不适合自体-SCT的患者中，结果却令人沮丧。已开发了几种基于免疫的治疗方法，包括单克隆抗体、抗体药物偶联物、双特异性T细胞结合抗体、嵌合抗原受体T细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂和新型小分子。同时，异基因-SCT和放疗对于特定情况下的健壮患者的疾病控制仍然是必要的。 在这篇综述中，为了拓宽临床治疗选择，我们总结了近期免疫相关疗法的进展，并展望了R/R DLBCL患者未来的发展方向。©2023. YUMED Inc.和BioMed Central Ltd.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with standard front-line immunochemotherapy, whereas nearly 30-40% of patients experience refractory or relapse. For several decades, the standard treatment strategy for fit relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL patients has been high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto-SCT). However, the patients who failed in salvage treatment or those ineligible for subsequent auto-SCT have dismal outcomes. Several immune-based therapies have been developed, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and novel small molecules. Meanwhile, allogeneic SCT and radiotherapy are still necessary for disease control for fit patients with certain conditions. In this review, to expand clinical treatment options, we summarize the recent progress of immune-related therapies and prospect the future indirections in patients with R/R DLBCL.© 2023. YUMED Inc. and BioMed Central Ltd.