CD8+ T细胞是适应性免疫系统的关键执行者，负责介导抗肿瘤和抗病毒免疫。静息CD8+ T细胞在胸腺中发育，并在与合适的抗原相遇后迅速在外周被激活，从而诱导这些细胞增殖和分化成对抗初次感染的效应细胞。同时，其中一部分细胞会成为长寿命的记忆CD8+ T细胞，以对抗未来的感染。值得注意的是，记忆细胞的产生和维持受到各种体内条件的深刻影响，如初次激活方式（如急性与慢性免疫）或宿主代谢、炎症或衰老因素的波动。因此，许多T细胞可能会丧失或变得疲劳并不再功能正常。这一过程涉及复杂的细胞内信号通路、转录因子、表观遗传修饰和代谢过程。因此，理解记忆和疲劳CD8+细胞的产生和命运的细胞和分子基础对于利用细胞免疫至关重要。在本综述中，我们关注哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)，特别是在细胞和分子水平上由mTOR复合物2 (mTORC2)介导的记忆和疲劳CD8+ T细胞信号转导。© 2023. 作者。

CD8+ T cells are the key executioners of the adaptive immune arm, which mediates antitumor and antiviral immunity. Naïve CD8+ T cells develop in the thymus and are quickly activated in the periphery after encountering a cognate antigen, which induces these cells to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells that fight the initial infection. Simultaneously, a fraction of these cells become long-lived memory CD8+ T cells that combat future infections. Notably, the generation and maintenance of memory cells is profoundly affected by various in vivo conditions, such as the mode of primary activation (e.g., acute vs. chronic immunization) or fluctuations in host metabolic, inflammatory, or aging factors. Therefore, many T cells may be lost or become exhausted and no longer functional. Complicated intracellular signaling pathways, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic processes are involved in this process. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular basis for the generation and fate of memory and exhausted CD8+ cells is central for harnessing cellular immunity. In this review, we focus on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), particularly signaling mediated by mTOR complex (mTORC) 2 in memory and exhausted CD8+ T cells at the molecular level.© 2023. The Author(s).