这是一篇关于《Journal of Urology》发表的研究文章的摘要。PROSPER研究涉及的对象是患有非转移性已去势抵抗前列腺癌（nmCRPC）的男性。在患有nmCRPC的患者中，他们的前列腺癌即便接受传统的激素治疗后仍持续增长。在这些患者中，升高的前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平表明癌症活跃，但CT和骨扫描显示其尚未扩散至身体的其他部位。该研究中的所有参与者均接受雄激素剥夺治疗（ADT），其中一组接受了药物恩扎鲁胺，另一组接受了安慰剂。恩扎鲁胺是一种可以减缓或阻止雄激素如睾酮对前列腺癌生长的药物。PROSPER研究的主要结果显示，接受恩扎鲁胺和ADT治疗的nmCRPC患者的寿命比接受安慰剂和ADT治疗的患者寿命更长。在这项研究中，研究人员想要了解患者接受恩扎鲁胺治疗后PSA水平下降的程度是否会影响研究结果。研究人员还想知道这是否会影响患者癌症扩散至其他部位之前的生存时间。研究人员发现，治疗后PSA水平大幅下降的患者更有可能活得更久且癌症不扩散。这项研究显示了恩扎鲁胺和ADT治疗下nmCRPC患者的PSA水平变化与生存时间的联系。这些结果可能有助于医疗专业人员监测患者接受恩扎鲁胺治疗后不同PSA水平变化的情况。PSA水平大幅下降的患者可能不需要像PSA水平略微下降的患者那样进行密切监测。

This is a summary of a research article originally published in the Journal of Urology. The PROSPER study involved men who had a type of advanced prostate cancer called non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). In patients with nmCRPC, their prostate cancer keeps growing even after traditional hormone treatments. In these patients, rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels suggest that cancer is active but CT and bone scans show that it has not spread to other parts of the body. Everyone in this study received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) either with the medicine enzalutamide or a placebo. Enzalutamide is a medicine that can slow or stop androgens, such as testosterone, from making prostate cancer grow. The main results of the PROSPER study showed that patients with nmCRPC treated with enzalutamide and ADT lived longer than patients treated with placebo and ADT. In this study, researchers wanted to know if the findings were different depending on how much patients' PSA level declined after enzalutamide treatment. Researchers also wanted to know if this made a difference in how long patients lived without the cancer spreading to other parts of their body.Researchers found that patients with a large decline in PSA level after treatment were more likely to live longer and without their cancer spreading.This study shows a link between PSA level changes and how long patients with nmCRPC live when treated with enzalutamide and ADT. These results may help health professionals monitor patients with different PSA level changes after enzalutamide treatment. Patients with a large decline in PSA level may not need to be monitored as closely as patients with a small decline in PSA level.