癌症仍然是全球领先的死因和快速发展的疾病。通过先进的研究调查，对疾病的病理生理学的理解已经得到了提高，目前有几种治疗策略正在用于更好地治疗癌症。然而，癌症复发和转移相关死亡的增加表明目前可用的治疗方法和临床批准的化疗药物对抗癌症的效果不够。此外，肿瘤细胞与肿瘤微环境（TME）之间的持续交流对于肿瘤的发展、进展、转移和治疗反应至关重要。在这方面，具有多模式靶向能力的植物化学物质可以作为对当前癌症治疗的替代方法，通过抑制癌症存活途径或调节TME来实现。然而，由于其药代动力学差和生物利用度低，植物化学物质在临床试验中的成功受到了限制。因此，发展基于植物化学物质的纳米医学或植物纳米医学可以改善这些植物化学物质的药代动力学特性。在此，我们详细讨论了拟议植物纳米医学在癌症治疗中靶向肿瘤组织和改变癌症干细胞特性、化疗耐药性、TME和癌症免疫等方面的分子特征和药理学见解。此外，我们还强调了植物纳米医学在利用各种纳米平台填补潜在癌症治疗的差距中的临床前景和挑战。总体而言，我们讨论了临床成功和药理学见解如何使纳米医学对抗癌转移和药物耐药性在学术和制药领域中更有益。

Cancer remains the leading cause of death and rapidly evolving disease worldwide. The understanding of disease pathophysiology has improved through advanced research investigation, and several therapeutic strategies are being used for better cancer treatment. However, the increase in cancer relapse and metastatic-related deaths indicate that available therapies and clinically approved chemotherapy drugs are not sufficient to combat cancer. Further, the constant crosstalk between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for the development, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic response to tumors. In this regard, phytochemicals with multimodal targeting abilities can be used as an alternative to current cancer therapy by inhibiting cancer survival pathways or modulating TME. However, due to their poor pharmacokinetics and low bioavailability, the success of phytochemicals in clinical trials is limited. Therefore, developing phytochemical-based nanomedicine or phytonanomedicine can improve the pharmacokinetic profile of these phytochemicals. Herein, the molecular characteristics and pharmacological insights of the proposed phytonanomedicine in cancer therapy targeting tumor tissue and altering the characteristics of cancer stem cells, chemoresistance, TME, and cancer immunity are well discussed. Further, we have highlighted the clinical perspective and challenges of phytonanomedicine in filling the gap in potential cancer therapeutics using various nanoplatforms. Overall, we have discussed how clinical success and pharmacological insights could make it more beneficial to boost the concept of nanomedicine in the academic and pharmaceutical fields to counter cancer metastases and drug resistance.