本研究旨在调查术后感染对胆道恶性肿瘤切除术患者的预后影响，包括肝内胆管癌、肝门胆管癌、远端胆管癌、胆囊癌和瓦氏乳头癌。该研究是在11个中心进行的回顾性队列研究中进行的。在日本的11家机构，于2013年4月至2015年3月期间接受了根治性切除的胆道癌患者被纳入研究。我们分析了术后感染的发生率、与感染相关的因素以及预后相关因素。在总共的290例中，有33例是肝内胆管癌、60例是肝门胆管癌、120例是远端胆管癌、55例是胆囊癌，22例是瓦氏乳头癌。术后感染并发症，包括远隔感染，发生在146例患者中（占50.3%），其中115例患者的Clavien-Dindo ≥ III（占39.7%）。术后感染更常见于接受胰十二指肠切除和胆管切除的患者。与无感染并发症的患者相比，感染并发症患者的预后明显较差（总生存中位数38个月对比62个月，P = .046）。在特定诊断分析中，虽然肝内胆管癌、肝门胆管癌、远端胆管癌和瓦氏乳头癌的感染并发症与总生存之间无相关性，但胆囊癌的感染并发症是一个显著的不良预后因素（P = .031）。胆道恶性肿瘤手术后常见术后感染，尤其在接受胰十二指肠切除和胆管切除的患者中。术后感染与胆道恶性肿瘤患者的预后有关，特别是胆囊癌。版权所有 © 2023。由Elsevier Inc.出版。

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of postoperative infections in patients who underwent resection for biliary malignancy, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, distal cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, and carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.This study was conducted in an 11-center retrospective cohort study. Patients with biliary tract cancer who underwent curative resection between April 2013 and March 2015 at 11 institutions in Japan were enrolled. We analyzed the prevalence of postoperative infection, infection-related factors, and prognostic factors.Of the total 290 cases, 33 were intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 60 were perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, 120 were distal cholangiocarcinoma, 55 were gallbladder carcinoma, and 22 were carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Postoperative infectious complications, including remote infection, were observed in 146 patients (50.3%), and Clavien-Dindo ≥III in 115 patients (39.7%). Postoperative infections occurred more commonly in the patients who received pancreaticoduodenectomy and bile duct resection. Patients with infectious complications had a significantly poorer prognosis than those without (median overall survival 38 months vs 62 months, P = .046). In a diagnosis-specific analysis, although there was no correlation between infectious complications and overall survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, distal cholangiocarcinoma, and carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, infectious complications were a significantly poor prognostic factor in gallbladder carcinoma (P = .031).Postoperative infection after surgery for biliary tract cancer commonly occurred, especially in patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and bile duct resection. Postoperative infection is relatively associated with the prognosis of patients with biliary malignancy, especially gallbladder carcinoma.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.