激活诱导的胞苷脱氨酶（ AID）通过体细胞高变性（ SHM ）和类别转换重组（ CSR ）在促进B细胞多样性方面起着至关重要的作用。虽然AID主要与体液免疫反应的生理功能相关，但它也与淋巴瘤的发生和进展有关。已经发现AID的异常会破坏B细胞和T细胞系淋巴母细胞白血病中的基因网络和信号通路，尽管其在癌变过程中的完整作用尚不清楚。本综述提出了AID的另类作用，并探讨了其在调节肿瘤发生中的离靶效应。在本综述中，我们首先概述了AID的生理功能及其调控。 AID通过SHM和CSR在促进B细胞多样性方面起着至关重要的作用。然后，我们讨论AID的离靶效应，包括诱发非Ig的突变、表观遗传修饰以及作为辅因子的另类作用。我们还探讨了将AID归位的网络。此外，我们总结了AID在自身免疫性疾病和血液肿瘤中的离靶效应。最后，我们评估了AID在实体肿瘤中的离靶效应。本综述的主要重点是了解AID如何以及何时靶向特定基因座位，并探讨其对癌变的影响。总的来说，本综述旨在全面了解AID的生理和离靶效应，为自身免疫性疾病、血液肿瘤和实体肿瘤的新治疗策略的开发做出贡献。版权所有© 2023 Jiao，Lv，Wang，Fan和Yang。

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) plays a crucial role in promoting B cell diversification through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). While AID is primarily associated with the physiological function of humoral immune response, it has also been linked to the initiation and progression of lymphomas. Abnormalities in AID have been shown to disrupt gene networks and signaling pathways in both B-cell and T-cell lineage lymphoblastic leukemia, although the full extent of its role in carcinogenesis remains unclear. This review proposes an alternative role for AID and explores its off-target effects in regulating tumorigenesis. In this review, we first provide an overview of the physiological function of AID and its regulation. AID plays a crucial role in promoting B cell diversification through SHM and CSR. We then discuss the off-target effects of AID, which includes inducing mutations of non-Igs, epigenetic modification, and the alternative role as a cofactor. We also explore the networks that keep AID in line. Furthermore, we summarize the off-target effects of AID in autoimmune diseases and hematological neoplasms. Finally, we assess the off-target effects of AID in solid tumors. The primary focus of this review is to understand how and when AID targets specific gene loci and how this affects carcinogenesis. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and off-target effects of AID, which will contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases, hematological neoplasms, and solid tumors.Copyright © 2023 Jiao, Lv, Wang, Fan and Yang.