引言：地奥美生注射液和口服乳剂，也被称为地奥美生，在中国已经被用于癌症患者辅助治疗超过20年。为了评估这种治疗在化疗中的有效性和潜在风险，进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析。此外，还探讨了可能影响结果的因素。方法：在PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Web of Science、EMBASE、CKNI、万方和维普数据库等各个数据库进行了全面搜索。进行了荟萃回归、亚组和敏感性分析以探索异质性。采用GRADE系统和TSA来评估证据强度和结果的稳健性。结果：汇总数据显示，联合地奥美生可提高响应率（RR：1.48，95%CI：1.38-1.60，p < 0.00001）、疾病控制率（RR：1.20，95%CI：1.15-1.25，p < 0.00001）、生活质量改善和稳定率（WMD：1.31，95% CI：1.12-1.53，p = 0.0006）、免疫功能（CD4+/CD8+：WMD：0.33，95% CI：0.24-0.42，p < 0.00001）、生存率（1年，RR：1.34，95% CI：1.15-1.56，p = 0.0002；2年，RR：1.57，95% CI：1.14-2.16，p = 0.006），并降低了大多数化疗引起的副作用的发生率，特别是白细胞减少（Ⅲ-Ⅳ）（RR：0.46，95% CI：0.35-0.61，p < 0.00001）、血小板减少（RR：0.86，95% CI：0.78-0.95，p = 0.003）和血红蛋白降低（RR：0.83，95% CI：0.73-0.95，p = 0.007）。然而，发现地奥美生的使用在接受化疗的患者中显著增加了静脉炎的发生率（RR：3.41，95% CI：1.47-7.93，p = 0.004）。荟萃回归和亚组分析发现，结果很少受到CR、CT和DE剂量的影响，而CNE和TT周期数是异质性的主要来源。讨论：随着治疗时间和周期数量的增加，联合地奥美生的疗效在各个方面都会下降。因此，建议缩短治疗时间和减少周期数量。版权所有©2023 Pan，Wan，Zhang，Wang和Wang。

Introduction: Elemene injection and oral emulsion, known as elemene, have been utilized have been used in adjuvant therapy for cancer patients in China for more than 20 years. In order to evaluate the efficacy and potential risks of the treatments in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, a system review and meta-analysis were conducted. Additionally, the factors that may influence the outcomes were also explored. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across various databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CKNI, Wan Fang, and VIP databases. Meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the heterogeneity. GRADE system and TSA were used to assess the strength of evidence and robustness of the results. Results: The pooled data showed that combination with elemene could improve the response rate (RR:1.48, 95%CI:1.38-1.60, p < 0.00001), disease control rate (RR:1.20, 95%CI:1.15-1.25, p < 0.00001), the rate of quality-of-life improvement and stability (WMD:1.31, 95% CI:1.12-1.53, p = 0.0006), immune function (CD4+/CD8+: WMD:0.33, 95% CI:0.24-0.42, p < 0.00001), survival rate (1-year, RR:1.34, 95% CI:1.15-1.56, p = 0.0002; 2-year, RR:1.57, 95% CI:1.14-2.16, p = 0.006), and decrease the prevalence of most chemotherapy-induced side effects, especially leukopenia (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) (RR:0.46, 95% CI:0.35-0.61, p < 0.00001), thrombocytopenia (RR:0.86, 95% CI:0.78-0.95, p = 0.003), and hemoglobin reduction (RR:0.83, 95% CI:0.73-0.95, p = 0.007). However, the administration of elemene has been found to significantly increase the incidence of phlebitis in patients undergoing chemotherapy (RR:3.41, 95% CI:1.47-7.93, p = 0.004). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses discovered that the outcomes were rarely influenced by CR, CT, and dosage of elemene (DE) but the cycle number of elemene (CNE) and TT were the main sources of heterogeneity. Discussion: As the treatment time and the number of cycles increased, the efficacy of the elemene combination decreased across various aspects. Thus, shorter duration and fewer cycles are recommended.Copyright © 2023 Pan, Wan, Zhang, Wang and Wang.