抗原暴露和初始效应期后，居留记忆T细胞（T-RMs）仍保留在上皮屏障组织中。这些T-RMs提供有效的抗微生物和抗癌免疫力，然而，已经证明病原性T-RMs可以在各种组织类型中介导多种慢性炎症性疾病。在皮肤中，T-RMs被称为居留性皮肤记忆T细胞（cT-RMs）。了解导致这些cT-RMs群体发展和建立的机制，可能有助于针对慢性免疫介导皮肤疾病的持久治疗，即使在停药后也能提供持久的反应。在本综述中，我们总结了关于cT-RMs作为慢性炎症性皮肤病驱动因素的证据，包括银屑病、白癜风、特应性皮炎、皮肤红斑狼疮和斑秃等疾病。我们呈现了来自体外、动物模型和体外人体研究的数据，重点关注cT-RMs触发急性疾病发作以及通过在皮肤中建立免疫“记忆”来引发复发性疾病的潜力。此外，我们综合了有关现有和新的治疗方法对皮肤中cT-RMs发展或存活的影响的可用数据。这些数据表明皮肤病学领域是一个动态且迅速发展的领域；然而，我们也讨论了需要更多研究的领域，以便为长期疾病控制选择最佳治疗方法。©2023年作者。由牛津大学出版社代表英国皮肤病学协会出版。保留所有权利。有关权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Resident memory T-cells (T-RMs) remain in epithelial barrier tissues after antigen exposure and the initial effector phase. These T-RMs provide effective antimicrobial and anticancer immunity, however pathogenic T-RMs have been shown to mediate various chronic inflammatory disorders in a variety of tissue types. In the skin, T-RMs are referred to as resident cutaneous memory T-cells (cT-RMs). Understanding the mechanisms leading to the development and establishment of these cT-RMs populations may allow for targeted treatments providing durable responses in chronic immune-mediated skin diseases, even after cessation. In this Review, we summarise the evidence on cT-RMs as drivers of chronic inflammatory dermatoses including psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and alopecia areata, among others. Data from in-vitro, animal model, and ex-vivo human studies are presented - with a focus on the potential for cT-RMs to trigger acute disease flares as well as recurrent disease by establishing an immune 'memory' in the skin. Furthermore, available data on the potential for existing and novel treatments to affect the development or survival of cT-RMs in the skin are synthesised. These suggest a dynamic and rapidly growing area in the field of dermatology; however we also discuss areas in need of greater research to allow for optimal treatment selection for long-term disease control.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Association of Dermatologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.