自然杀伤（NK）细胞在保护机体免受感染和癌症侵袭方面起着重要作用。NK细胞能够通过它们的细胞毒作用器械直接攻击受感染或转化的细胞，或通过产生细胞因子来启动和加强免疫反应，迅速应对这些威胁。此外，NK细胞寄居于包括脂肪组织在内的多种组织，其作用从宿主保护扩展到组织稳态。脂肪组织寄居的NK细胞能够通过细胞因子产生控制巨噬细胞极化，同时利用其细胞毒作用器械调节应激脂肪细胞命运。肥胖与癌症发病率增加和严重感染易感性增加密切相关。这在一定程度上归因于肥胖相关的免疫调节失衡，包括外周和脂肪组织NK细胞的缺陷。在本综述中，我们详细介绍了有关肥胖背景下NK细胞的文献，概述了其后果、机制和治疗干预。版权所有©2023年Elsevier Inc. 发表。

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical in protecting the body against infection and cancer. NK cells can rapidly respond to these threats by directly targeting the infected or transformed cell using their cytotoxic machinery or by initiating and amplifying the immune response via their production of cytokines. Additionally, NK cells are resident across many tissues including adipose, were their role extends from host protection to tissue homeostasis. Adipose resident NK cells can control macrophage polarization via cytokine production, whilst also regulating stressed adipocyte fate using their cytotoxic machinery. Obesity is strongly associated with increased rates of cancer and a heightened susceptibility to severe infections. This is in part due to significant obesity-related immune dysregulation, including defects in both peripheral and adipose tissue NK cells. In this review, we detail the literature to date on NK cells in the setting of obesity - outlining the consequences, mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.