单克隆免疫球蛋白病是一系列疾病的谱系，其特点是浆细胞或淋巴细胞的克隆增殖，它们产生异常的免疫球蛋白或其组分（单克隆蛋白）。单克隆免疫球蛋白病通常被分为低肿瘤负担性疾病（例如，轻链淀粉样变性），白血病前期疾病（如不确定意义的单克隆免疫球蛋白病和慢性多发性骨髓瘤）和恶性肿瘤（例如，多发性骨髓瘤和华氏大球蛋白血症）。这种浓度和结构的多样性使得单克隆蛋白成为一种具有挑战性的克隆标记物。本文概述了单克隆免疫球蛋白病的初步实验室检测，以指导临床医生和实验室专业人员选择和解释适当的调查。© 作者（或其雇主） 2023. 未经商业使用。请参阅权利和权限。由BMJ出版。

Monoclonal gammopathy is a spectrum of disorders characterised by clonal proliferation of plasma cells or lymphocytes, which produce abnormal immunoglobulin or its components (monoclonal proteins). Monoclonal gammopathies are often categorised as low-tumour-burden diseases (eg, amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis), premalignant disorders (such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering multiple myeloma), and malignancies (eg, multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia). Such diversity of concentration and structure makes monoclonal protein a challenging clonal marker. This article provides an overview on initial laboratory testing of monoclonal gammopathy to guide clinicians and laboratory professionals in the selection and interpretation of appropriate investigations.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.