肝素是一种带负电荷的多糖，具有不同的链长度和亲水性的骨架。由于其迷人的化学和物理特性、无毒性、生物相容性和生物可降解性，肝素已广泛应用于不同的医学领域，如心血管和血液学。本综述突出了基于肝素设计材料在各种生物医学应用中的最新进展和未来发展方向。本文讨论了肝素的物理化学和机械性质、生物相容性、毒性和生物降解性。另外，还回顾了基于肝素材料在药物/基因传递、组织工程、癌症治疗和生物传感器等各种生物医学领域的应用。最后，本文总结了制备基于肝素材料所面临的挑战、机遇和未来展望。 ©2023 作者

Heparin is a negatively charged polysaccharide with various chain lengths and a hydrophilic backbone. Due to its fascinating chemical and physical properties, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, heparin has been extensively used in different fields of medicine, such as cardiovascular and hematology. This review highlights recent and future advancements in designing materials based on heparin for various biomedical applications. The physicochemical and mechanical properties, biocompatibility, toxicity, and biodegradability of heparin are discussed. In addition, the applications of heparin-based materials in various biomedical fields, such as drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, and biosensors, are reviewed. Finally, challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in preparing heparin-based materials are summarized.© 2023 The Authors.