临床试验显示，抗PD1治疗无论作为单一疗法还是联合应用，在复发性或不可切除的肝细胞癌（HCC）患者中均具有良好的疗效和耐受性。本研究旨在探讨免疫营养生物标志物在评估抗PD1治疗效果中的预后价值。我们招募了85例于2016年1月至2021年1月在中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心接受抗PD1治疗的晚期HCC患者，并进行了随访。这项回顾性分析旨在确定免疫营养生物标志物是否可以作为这些患者的有希望的预后指标。 在这项回顾性研究中，PNI高组的患者与PNI低组的患者相比，进展无病生存期（PFS）更长（9.5个月 vs. 4.2个月，P = 0.039）。同样，PNI高组的中位总生存期（OS）较长（23.9个月，95%CI 17.45-30.35），而PNI低组的中位总生存期较短（11.7个月，95%CI 9.27-14.13）（P = 0.002）。这些结果与对抗PD1治疗的亚分析结果一致。此外，单因素和多因素分析表明，较高的治疗前PNI（>=44.91）是这些患者群体中有利预后的重要预测因素（HR = 0.411，P = 0.023）。 我们的研究表明，在接受抗PD1治疗的复发性或不可切除HCC患者中，治疗前PNI是一个关键的预测因素。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd.，Springer Nature的一部分。

Clinical trials have shown that anti-PD1 therapy, either as a monotherapy or in combination, is effective and well-tolerated in patients with recurrent or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of immune-nutritional biomarkers in measuring the effects of anti-PD1 therapy in these patients.We enrolled and followed up with 85 patients diagnosed with advanced HCC who underwent anti-PD1 therapy at the First Medical Centre of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital between January 2016 and January 2021. The retrospective analysis aimed to determine whether immune-nutritional biomarkers could serve as promising prognostic indices in these patients.In this retrospective study, patients in the PNI-high group showed a better progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those in the PNI-low group (9.5 months vs. 4.2 months, P = 0.039). Similarly, the median overall survival (OS) was longer in the PNI-high group (23.9 months, 95%CI 17.45-30.35) than in the PNI-low group (11.7 months, 95%CI 9.27-14.13) (P = 0.002). These results were consistent with sub-analyses of the anti-PD1 therapy. Furthermore, both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that a higher pre-treatment PNI ( > = 44.91) was a significant predictive factor for favorable outcomes in this patient cohort (HR = 0.411, P = 0.023).Our study suggests that pre-treatment PNI is a critical predictive factor in patients with recurrent or unresectable HCC undergoing anti-PD1 therapy.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.