全国范围内关于儿童短期住院（SSH）及相关因素的数据稀缺。本回顾性研究以2018年在法国出生或生日不满18周岁的儿童为对象，重点关注每年至少一次住院时间小于1晚或大于等于1晚的SSH，或者30天内再住院时间大于等于1晚的情况。通过国家健康数据系统（SNDS）选择儿童，该系统包含长期慢性疾病（LTD）状态的数据，全额报销和基于低收入家庭提供的补充普遍覆盖（CMUC）费用。针对每个结果应用了单变量和多变量的准泊松回归。在1321.1万名儿童（94.4％的人口，51.2％为男孩）中，17.5％的人被确定为CMUC，至少有一种LTD的占4％（0-<1岁为1.5％；14-<18岁为5.2％）。最常见的LTD是广泛性发育障碍（0.53％）、哮喘（0.24％）、癫痫（0.17％）和1型糖尿病（0.15％）。至少发生过一次SSH的占8.8％：SSH<1晚（4.9％）、SSH≥1晚（4.5％）、再住院（0.4％）。至少发生过一次SSH的儿童年龄较小（中位数为6岁，而非SSH的儿童为9岁），而且相比于所有儿童，他们更常接受CMUC（21％）、有LTD（12％）、急诊科就诊（56％），或接受各种初级卫生保健措施。相比于SSH<1晚的儿童，SSH≥1晚的儿童年龄较大（中位数为9岁对4岁）。虽然他们患LTD的频率相同（13.4％），但更常接受急诊科就诊（78％对42％）。再住院的儿童年龄较小（中位数为3岁）。他们CMUC的比例最高（29.3％），LTD的比例为34％，所在地的急诊科比全体儿童的比例高（35％对29％），接受过急诊科就诊的比例为87％。在调整分析中，女孩比男孩更少遭受每个结果，而接受CMUC的儿童更常遭受每个结果。与SSH<1晚密切相关的LTD包括囊性纤维化、镰状细胞病、1型糖尿病，SSH≥1晚密切相关的LTD包括1型糖尿病、癫痫和镰状细胞病，再住院的LTD包括淋巴细胞白血病、脑恶性肿瘤和镰状细胞病。在10岁以下儿童的所有SSH住院中，有25.8％是潜在可预防的。低收入家庭中具有特定LTD的儿童的SSH和再住院率较高，这表明需要或加强特定政策行动和研究。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd.，Springer Nature的一部分。

Nationwide data for children for short-stay hospitalisation (SSH) and associated factors are scarce. This retrospective study of children in France < 18 years of age followed after their birth or birthday in 2018 focused on at least one annual SSH, stay < 1 night or ≥ 1 night, or 30-day readmission ≥ 1 night.Children were selected from the national health data system (SNDS), which includes data on long-term chronic disease (LTD) status with full reimbursement and complementary universal coverage based on low household income (CMUC). Uni and multivariate quasi-Poisson regression were applied for each outcome.Among 13.211 million children (94.4% population, 51.2% boys), CMUC was identified for 17.5% and at least one LTD for 4% (0-<1 year: 1.5%; 14-<18 year: 5.2%). The most frequent LTDs were pervasive developmental diseases (0.53%), asthma (0.24%), epilepsy (0.17%), and type 1 diabetes (0.15%). At least one SSH was found for 8.8%: SSH < 1 night (4.9%), SSH ≥ 1 night (4.5%), readmission (0.4%). Children with at least one SSH were younger (median 6 vs. 9 years) and more often had CMUC (21%), a LTD (12%), an emergency department (ED) visit (56%), or various primary healthcare visits than all children. Those with a SSH ≥1 night vs. < 1 night were older (median: 9 vs. 4 years). They had the same frequency of LTD (13.4%) but more often an ED visit (78% vs. 42%). Children with readmissions were younger (median 3 years). They had the highest levels of CMUC (29.3%), LTD (34%), EDs in their municipality (35% vs. 29% for the whole population) and ED visits (87%). In adjusted analysis, each outcome was significantly less frequent among girls than boys and more frequent for children with CMUC. LTDs with the largest association with SSH < 1 night were cystic fibrosis, sickle cell diseases (SCD), diabetes type 1, those with SSH ≥1 night type 1 diabetes epilepsy and SCD, and those for readmissions lymphoid leukaemia, malignant neoplasm of the brain, and SCD. Among all SSH admissions of children < 10 years, 25.8% were potentially preventable.Higher SSH and readmission rates were found for children with certain LTD living in low-income households, suggesting the need or increase of specific policy actions and research.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.