血流感染是癌症患者死亡的主要原因之一。然而，在实体瘤中，血流感染的风险因素尚未得到充分确认。我们在三级医院对2017年至2021年期间的实体瘤成年人进行了单中心病例对照回顾性研究。通过倾向得分匹配法对血流感染组和对照组进行了匹配。我们使用单变量和多变量回归分析找到了血流感染发生和死亡的独立风险因素。此外，我们建立了一个预测血流感染死亡风险的诊断模型。在研究期间的602名实体肿瘤患者中，有186名患有血流感染，416名患有非血流感染。血流感染的发生率为每1000次住院2.0次（206/102,704），30天死亡率为18.8%（35/186）。与对照组相比，血流感染组住院时间更长（24.5天对20.0天），并且合并器官功能衰竭的频率更高（10.5%对2.4%），肾病（19.6%对3.8%），合并的并发症≥3（35.5%对20.0%），以及肝胆胰感染（15.6%对5.3%）（所有P <0.001）。在186名血流感染患者中，35名在血流感染后的30天内死亡。革兰氏阴性菌是最常见的微生物（124/192，64.6%）。肝癌、器官功能衰竭、高乳酸脱氢酶水平和感染性休克是血流感染死亡的独立危险因素。此外，我们建立了一个诊断模型来预测血流感染的30天生存率，并证明其具有良好的准确性（AUC：0.854，95%置信区间：0.785〜0923）和一致性。了解血流感染的风险因素有助于采取预防措施以降低血流感染的发生和死亡率。版权所有©2023 Xue, Zhu, Zong, Jiao, Fu, Liang和Zhan。

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are one of the leading causes of death in cancer patients. Nevertheless, the risk factors of BSIs in solid tumors have rarely been ascertained adequately.We conducted a single-center case-controlled retrospective study from 2017 to 2021 among adults with solid tumors in a tertiary-level hospital. The BSIs and control group were matched by the propensity score matching method. We found independent risk factors of occurrence and death of BSIs using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Additionally, a nomogram was constructed to predict the risk of mortality in BSIs.Of 602 patients with solid tumors in the study period, 186 had BSIs and 416 had non-BSIs. The incidence of BSIs was 2.0/1,000 admissions (206/102,704), and the 30-day mortality rate was 18.8% (35/186). Compared to the control group, the BSIs had longer hospital stays (24.5 days vs. 20.0 days), and higher frequency complicating with organ failure (10.5% vs. 2.4%), nephropathy (19.6% vs. 3.8%), comorbidities≥3 (35.5% vs. 20.0%), and liver-biliary-pancreatic infections (15.6% vs. 5.3%) (all P<0.001). Among the 186 patients with BSIs, 35 died within 30 days after BSIs. Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequent microorganisms (124/192, 64.6%). Liver cancer, organ failure, a high level of lactate dehydrogenase and septic shock were the independent hazardous factors for death of BSIs. What's more, a nomogram was constructed to predict the 30-day survival rate of BSIs, which was proved to have good accuracy (AUC: 0.854; 95% confidence interval: 0.785~0923) and consistency.Being aware of the risk factors of BSIs redounds to take preventive measures to reduce the incidence and death of BSIs.Copyright © 2023 Xue, Zhu, Zong, Jiao, Fu, Liang and Zhan.