癌症和心力衰竭（HF）是西方世界的主要死因。纤维化等共同机制可能为这两种疾病奠定基础，此外尚不明确这种关系是否存在性别差异。我们致力于研究纤维化相关生物标志物佝偻糖蛋白-3（gal-3）在识别患有新发癌症和HF风险的个体中的作用，并探究其在性别之间的差异。在PREVEND（防止肾脏和血管末期疾病）研究的5,786名患者中，在基线和4年的随访中测量了gal-3，并进行了总随访期11.5年。将测量结果中gal-3水平增加≥50％视为相关。我们分别对总体和不同性别进行了性别分层的对数秩检验和Cox回归分析，以评估gal-3随时间与新发癌症和新发HF的关联。在5,786名健康参与者中（男性占50％），有399人（男性占59％）发生了新发癌症，192人（男性占65％）发生了新发HF。在男性中，与新发癌症（包括所有癌症特异亚型）显著相关，调整年龄、体质指数、高血压、吸烟状况、估计肾小球滤过率、糖尿病、甘油三酯、冠状动脉疾病和C-反应蛋白后，gal-3的增加（HR: 1.89；95％CI: 1.32-2.71；P < 0.001）。类似分析显示，在男性中，gal-3的变化与新发HF相关（HR: 1.77；95％CI: 1.07-2.95；P = 0.028）。在女性中，gal-3随时间变化与新发癌症和新发HF的关联均不显著。纤维化标志物gal-3与男性的新发癌症和新发HF相关，但与女性无关。© 2023 The Authors.

Cancer and heart failure (HF) are the leading causes of death in the Western world. Shared mechanisms such as fibrosis may underlie either disease entity, furthermore it is unknown whether this relationship is sex-specific.We sought to investigate how fibrosis-related biomarker galectin-3 (gal-3) aids in identifying individuals at risk for new-onset cancer and HF, and how this differs between sexes.Gal-3 was measured at baseline and at 4-year follow-up in 5,786 patients of the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease) study. The total follow-up period was 11.5 years. An increase of ≥50% in gal-3 levels between measurements was considered relevant. We performed sex-stratified log-rank tests and Cox regression analyses overall and by sex to evaluate the association of gal-3 over time with both new-onset cancer and new-onset HF.Of the 5,786 healthy participants (50% males), 399 (59% males) developed new-onset cancer, and 192 (65% males) developed new-onset HF. In males, an increase in gal-3 was significantly associated with new-onset cancer (both combined and certain cancer-specific subtypes), after adjusting for age, body mass index, hypertension, smoking status, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes mellitus, triglycerides, coronary artery disease, and C-reactive protein (HR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.32-2.71; P < 0.001). Similar analyses demonstrated an association with new-onset HF in males (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.07-2.95; P = 0.028). In females, changes in gal-3 over time were neither associated with new-onset cancer nor new-onset HF.Gal-3, a marker of fibrosis, is associated with new-onset cancer and new-onset HF in males, but not in females.© 2023 The Authors.