大肠癌（CRC）在全球恶性肿瘤中占第三高的发病负担。先前的研究调查了大肠腺瘤（CRA）发展为明显 CRC 过程中发生的肠道菌群变化，从而突显了肠道菌群在癌变过程中的重要性。然而，鲜有研究在 CRC 从发展到治疗的整个过程中检测肠道菌群的特征。本研究使用 16S 核糖体核酸和内转录间隔片段扩增测序方法，比较了健康对照组（HC）、CRC 患者、CRA 患者和 CRC 手术后患者 (PP) 的肠道细菌和真菌组成。我们的分析显示，根据肠道细菌和真菌数据，四个组之间的 beta 多样性存在显著差异。HC、CRA、CRC 和 PP 组中共鉴定出 51 种细菌和 8 种真菌。HC 与 CRA、HC 与 CRC、HC 与 PP 之间的相关网络分析表明，每种模型中都存在一些核心的细菌和真菌属，而细菌和真菌数据之间的相关性表明在各组之间存在极显著的负相关。对 HC、CRC、CRA 和 PP 患者的大样本量定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）分析表明，CRC 患者的粪便中 Fusobacterium nucleatum、Bifidobacterium bifidum、Candida albicans 和 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 的丰度水平明显高于 HC 患者（p < 0.01）。然而，CRA 和 PP 的丰度水平在 HC 患者中明显低于 CRC 患者。有关被改变的细菌／真菌组成对宿主新陈代谢和 CRC 肿瘤发生的功能后果，还需要进一步研究。 © 2023 Li, Feng, Wang, Liu and Wang. 我们拥有此文献的版权。

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for the third highest morbidity burden among malignant tumors worldwide. Previous studies investigated gut microbiome changes that occur during colorectal adenomas (CRA) progression to overt CRC, thus highlighting the importance of the gut microbiome in carcinogenesis. However, few studies have examined gut microbiome characteristics across the entire spectrum, from CRC development to treatment. The study used 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing to compare the composition of gut bacteria and fungi in a Chinese cohort of healthy controls (HC), CRC patients, CRA patients, and CRC postoperative patients (PP). Our analysis showed that beta diversity was significantly different among the four groups based on the gut bacterial and fungal data. A total of 51 species of bacteria and 8 species of fungi were identified in the HC, CRA, CRC, and PP groups. Correlation networks for both the gut bacteria and fungi in HC vs. CRA, HC vs. CRC, and HC vs. PP indicated some hub bacterial and fungal genera in each model, and the correlation between bacterial and fungal data indicated that a highly significant negative correlation exists among groups. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis in a large cohort of HC, CRC, CRA, and PP patients demonstrated a significantly increasing trend of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the feces of CRC patients than that of HC patients (p < 0.01). However, the abundance levels of CRA and PP were significantly lower in HC patients than those in CRC patients. Further studies are required to identify the functional consequences of the altered bacterial/fungal composition on metabolism and CRC tumorigenesis in the host.Copyright © 2023 Li, Feng, Wang, Liu and Wang.