淋巴瘤的演化是一个多因素的过程，导致形成基因突变、染色体易位和其他变异的不可避免的淋巴瘤异质性。基于单细胞实验的多组学分析可以揭示和表征肿瘤组分，使我们能够确定突变的时机并对疾病进展进行描述。越来越多的研究正在使用单细胞转录组学来揭示淋巴瘤演化、药物耐药性和治疗方法的机制。包括基因组学、转录组学和表观基因组学在内的各种单细胞多组学测量，提高了对复杂淋巴系统的认识，并使得个体化和精确的肿瘤生物学特征的获取成为可能，而这些特征是通过大宗细胞分析无法获得的，并可以促进个体化治疗。本综述对基于单细胞实验的淋巴瘤样本的多组学分析进展进行了系统讨论，包括基因组和转录组的单细胞测序、淋巴瘤微环境的景观、单细胞组织学标志物的发展、淋巴瘤起源和演化的鉴定，以及单细胞多组学的当前挑战和未来展望。作者的观点可能有助于探索新的淋巴瘤生物标志物，以及发现针对免疫检查点和潜在分子机制的有效治疗组合。

The evolution of lymphoma is a multifactorial process that leads to unavoidable lymphoma heterogeneity in the form of genetic mutations, chromosomal translocations and other variations. Multi‑omics analyses based on single‑cell assays can reveal and characterize tumor components, enabling us to determine the timing of mutations and to profile disease progression. Increasing numbers of studies are using single‑cell transcriptomics to unravel the mechanisms of lymphoma evolution, drug resistance and therapeutic approaches. Various single‑cell multi‑omics measurements involving genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics have improved knowledge of the complex lymphatic system and made it possible to obtain individualized and precise tumor biological characteristics, which cannot be accessed from bulk cell analysis, and this can facilitate individualized treatment. In the present review, the advances in multi‑omics analysis based on single‑cell assays of lymphoma specimens were systematically discussed, including the sequencing of the single‑cell from genomic and transcriptomic perspectives, the landscape of the lymphoma microenvironment, the development of single‑cell histology biomarkers, the identification of lymphoma origin and evolution, as well as the current challenges and future prospects of single‑cell multi‑omics. The authors' insights may contribute to the exploration of novel lymphoma biomarkers and the discovery of efficient treatment combinations that target immunological checkpoints and underlying molecular mechanisms.