脑水肿可以是多种疾病过程的后果。未经治疗的脑水肿可能是致命的，即使采取积极的治疗措施，也可能造成毁灭性后果。本研究的目的是描述住院儿童脑水肿的患病率、潜在原因和结局。使用2016年儿童住院数据库进行了一项回顾性交叉研究。纳入1个月至20岁的儿童。采用样本加权法进行国家估计。采用单变量分析比较死亡和存活者。进行多变量 logistic 回归分析以评估人口统计学变量和病因因素对死亡率的影响。检测到2,210,263名儿童中的4903名患有脑水肿（千分之2.2）。在患有脑水肿的儿童中，男性占57%，白人儿童占47.9%，青少年占48.9%。这个队列中与脑水肿相关的三种最常见病因是中风（21.7%）、缺氧损伤（21.4%）和中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤（16%）。整体住院病死率为29.4%。当脑水肿与缺氧损伤相关时，调整后的死亡率显著较高（84%）。当脑水肿与中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤（9.5%）或糖尿病酮症酸中毒（4.3%）相关时，死亡率较低。脑水肿在住院儿童中较为罕见，但具有较高的病死率。中风和缺氧性脑损伤是美国住院儿童脑水肿的两种最常见病因。在所有儿童脑水肿病因中，缺氧性脑损伤的病死率最高，而糖尿病酮症酸中毒的病死率最低。© 2023 Elsevier Inc. 版权所有。

Cerebral edema can be a consequence of multiple disease processes. Untreated cerebral edema can be fatal, and even with aggressive management, it can be devastating. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence, underlying causes, and outcomes of cerebral edema in hospitalized children.A retrospective cross-sectional study using the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database was performed. Children aged one month to 20 years were included. Sample weighting was employed to produce national estimates. Univariate analyses were used to compare those who died and survived. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the influence of demographic variables and etiologic factors on mortality.Cerebral edema was documented in 4903 children of 2,210,263 (2.2 of 1000) discharges. Among children with cerebral edema, males were 57%, white children were 47.9%, and adolescents were 48.9%. The three most common etiologies associated with cerebral edema in this cohort were stroke (21.7%), anoxic injury (21.4%), and central nervous system (CNS) malignancy (16%). The overall hospital mortality rate was 29.4%. The adjusted mortality rate was significantly higher when cerebral edema was associated with anoxic injury (84%). The mortality was lower when cerebral edema was associated with CNS malignancy (9.5%) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (4.3%).Cerebral edema is uncommon in hospitalized children but has a high mortality. Stroke and anoxic brain injury are the two most common etiologies for cerebral edema in hospitalized children in the United States. Among all etiologies for cerebral edema in children, anoxic brain injury has the highest mortality, whereas DKA has the lowest mortality.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.