计算机断层扫描（CT）的胸部影像学已经成为呼吸和胸部疾病评估中至关重要的组成部分。医疗机构历来使用传统的单能量CT，然而，双能量CT（DECT）的普及率正在增加，因此，胸部医生应该认识到这项技术的效用和局限性。文章介绍了DECT的技术方面并提供了使用DECT的实用方法。在多能谱成像允许对数据进行后处理并基于所提出的临床问题创建多个不同的图像重建。文章展示了DECT在肺血管疾病、通气缺陷和胸部肿瘤学中的效用数据。提供了一份插图文章，以示例形式展示与DECT相关的优势。DECT在慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压（CTEPH）方面的研究最为深入，然而，越来越多地在广泛的胸部疾病领域中使用。DECT将形态学和功能评估结合在单个影像采集中，为临床医生提供了一种强大的诊断工具。随着临床医生对这项技术的经验越来越丰富，它在胸部疾病的评估和治疗中的作用很可能在未来几年内不断扩大。版权所有 © 2023。Elsevier Inc.出版。

Thoracic imaging with computed tomography (CT) has become an essential component in the evaluation of respiratory and thoracic diseases. Providers have historically utilized conventional single energy CT; however, prevalence of dual energy CT (DECT) is increasing and as such it is important for thoracic physicians to recognize the utility and limitations of this technology.The technical aspects of DECT are presented and practical approaches to using DECT are provided. Imaging at multiple energy spectra allows for post processing of the data and the possibility of creating multiple distinct image reconstructions based on the clinical question being asked. The data regarding utility of DECT in pulmonary vascular disorders, ventilatory defects and thoracic oncology are presented. A pictorial essay is provided to give examples of the strengths associated with DECT.DECT has been most heavily studied in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), however it is increasingly being used across a wide spectrum of thoracic diseases. DECT combines morphologic and functional assessments in a single imaging acquisition, providing clinicians with a powerful diagnostic tool. Its role in the evaluation and treatment of thoracic diseases will likely continue to expand in the coming years as clinicians become more experienced with the technology.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.