炎症反应和促凝血反应是心血管疾病（CVD）进展的特征，可能受到膳食脂肪类型的影响。棉籽油（CSO）富含ω-6多不饱和脂肪（n-6 PUFA），并改善传统CVD风险因素，如胆固醇水平。然而，尽管越来越多的证据表明，n-6 PUFA可能不会独立导致炎症，一些临床医生仍不愿促进n-6 PUFA的摄入。为了研究未经治疗的高胆固醇血症患者8周富含棉籽油或橄榄油（OO；富含单不饱和脂肪）饮食干预对炎症和凝血标志物反应的影响，本次研究是对一项平行分组随机临床试验的次要分析，其主要结果为胆固醇水平的测量。此次研究对象为位于美国佐治亚州雅典地区的42名30-75岁患有未经治疗的高胆固醇血症或血脂异常的久坐成年人（62%为女性），时间为2018年5月至2021年6月，BMI > 18.5。高胆固醇血症的定义为至少有两个血脂位于“边缘不良/高风险”范围（总胆固醇（TC）≥ 180 mg/dL，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）≥ 110 mg/dl，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）< 50 mg/dL，或甘油三酯（TG）≥ 130），或至少有一个位于“不良”范围（TC ≥ 240 mg/dL，LDL-c ≥ 160 mg/dl，HDL-c< 40 mg/dL，或TG ≥ 200）。参与者被随机分配到部分门诊饮食干预试验的CSO组或OO组。研究提供的饮食提供了约60%的能量需求，其中30%的能量需求来自CSO或OO，为期八周。参与者通过选择餐食来满足其余的能量需求。餐前血浆炎症标志物浓度，包括C-反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）在基线和8周时进行测量。在相同的时间点测量凝血潜能标志物，包括纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）和组织因子（TF）。使用重复测量线性混合模型，将治疗和访视纳入模型，进行所有生化标志物的分析。在干预期间，两组之间的餐前CRP（p = 0.70）、TNF-α（p = 0.98）、IL-6（p = 0.21）、IL-1β（p = 0.13）、PAI-1（p = 0.29）和TF（p = 0.29）之间没有显著差异。富含CSO和OO的饮食对于未经治疗的高胆固醇血症成年人的炎症和凝血标志物反应在两组之间没有显著差异。这进一步提供了证据，表明与MUFAs相比，膳食n-6 PUFA可能不会促进炎症，即使是对于心血管疾病风险增加的成年人。版权所有© 2023 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics，由Elsevier公司发布。保留所有权利。

Inflammatory and prothrombotic responses are hallmark to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may be influenced by the type of dietary fat. Cottonseed oil (CSO) is rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fats (n-6 PUFA) and improves traditional CVD risk factors such as cholesterol profiles. However, some clinicians are still hesitant to promote n-6 PUFA consumption despite growing evidence suggesting they may not be independently pro-inflammatory.To investigate the inflammatory and coagulation marker responses to an 8-week diet intervention rich in either CSO or olive oil (OO; monounsaturated fat rich) in adults with untreated hypercholesterolemia.This was a secondary analysis of a parallel-arm randomized clinical trial with the main outcome of cholesterol measures./setting: Participants included in this analysis were 42 sedentary adults age 30-75 (62% female) in the Athens, GA area, between May 2018 and June 2021, with untreated hypercholesterolemia or elevated blood lipids and BMIs >18.5. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as at least two blood lipids in a "borderline undesirable/at risk" range (total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 180 mg/dL, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) ≥ 110 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) < 50 mg/dL, or triglycerides (TG) ≥ 130), or at least one in an "undesirable" range (TC ≥ 240 mg/dL, LDL-c ≥ 160 mg/dl, HDL-c< 40 mg/dL, or TG ≥ 200).Participants were randomly assigned to either the CSO or OO group in a partial outpatient feeding trial. Meals from the study provided approximately 60% of their energy needs with 30% of energy needs from either CSO or OO for eight weeks. Participants fulfilled their remaining energy needs with meals of their choosing.Fasting plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured at baseline and 8-weeks. Markers of coagulation potential including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue factor (TF) were measured at the same time points.Repeated measures linear mixed models were used with treatment and visit in the model for analyses of all biochemical markers.There were no significant differences in fasting CRP (p=0.70), TNF-α (p=0.98), IL-6 (p=0.21), IL-1β (p=0.13), PAI-1 (p=0.29), or TF (p=0.29) between groups across the intervention.Inflammation and coagulation marker responses to diets rich in CSO vs. OO were not significantly different between groups, and neither group showed changes in these markers in adults with untreated hypercholesterolemia. This provides additional evidence suggesting that dietary n-6 PUFAs may not promote inflammation compared to MUFAs, even in adults at increased risk for CVD.Copyright © 2023 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.