几乎所有与神经抗体相关的非肿瘤性中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病中，运动症状是常见的，有时是主要的。这些CNS疾病可以归为五类：（1）免疫介导脑炎，其抗体针对突触受体；（2）与神经抗体相关的小脑共济失调，主要靶向细胞内抗原；（3）强直性人综合征和强直性肌阵挛-进行性脑脊髓炎，其抗体分别针对谷氨酸甲羧化酶和甘氨酸受体。这两种疾病具有主要肌肉僵硬和强直的共同特点；（4）与胶质抗体相关的三种疾病。其中两种主要由于脊髓受累而表现为运动症状：水痘样神经脊髓炎谱障碍伴有抗水通道蛋白-4抗体以及抗髓鞘胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病。第三种疾病是与胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体相关的脑膜脑炎，通常也表现为脊髓病变。（5）两种与抗体相关的疾病以突出的睡眠功能障碍为特点：抗IgLON5疾病，这种疾病通常表现出多种运动障碍；以及与接触素-相关蛋白样2抗体和外周神经高度兴奋性的临床表现相关的Morvan综合征。在本章中，我们重点描述了这五类疾病的主要临床特征，特别强调了运动症状的存在、发生频率和类型。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

Motor symptoms are common, and sometimes predominant, in almost all nonparaneoplastic CNS disorders associated with neural antibodies. These CNS disorders can be classified into five groups: (1) Autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies against synaptic receptors, (2) cerebellar ataxias associated with neuronal antibodies that mostly target intracellular antigens. (3) Stiff-person syndrome and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus which have antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase and glycine receptor, respectively. Both diseases have in common the presence of predominant muscle stiffness and rigidity. (4) Three diseases associated with glial antibodies. Two present motor symptoms mainly due to the involvement of the spinal cord: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with aquaporin-4 antibodies and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. The third disorder is the meningoencephalitis associated with glial fibrillar acidic protein antibodies which frequently also presents a myelopathy. (5) Two antibody-related diseases which are characterized by prominent sleep dysfunction: anti-IgLON5 disease, a disorder that frequently presents a variety of movement disorders, and Morvan syndrome associated with contactin-associated protein-like 2 antibodies and clinical manifestations of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. In this chapter, we describe the main clinical features of these five groups with particular emphasis on the presence, frequency, and types of motor symptoms.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.