免疫细胞需要通过释放促炎细胞因子来对脂多糖进行响应，而此过程需要 Toll 样受体4 (TLR4)。外周血单个核细胞 (PBMCs) 用于评估与疾病或病原体相关的细胞因子释放的变化。本研究旨在评估蛋白丰富栖鸡 PBMCs 中 TLR4 基因的表达以及相关细胞因子的释放。从蛋白丰富栖鸡获取的血样中分离出外周血单个核细胞。使用不同浓度的脂多糖 (0.01-1 μg/ml) 刺激 PBMCs 培养物。采用聚合酶链反应检测 TLR4 的表达。使用酶联免疫吸附试验定量检测肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和白细胞介素 (IL-1β 和 IL-6) 的产生量。我们发现无论是未受刺激还是受刺激的蛋白丰富栖鸡 PBMCs 中都有 TLR4 的表达。此外，蛋白丰富栖鸡 PBMCs 中 TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6 的产生量随着脂多糖浓度的增加而显著增加 (0.01-1 μg/mL) (p < 0.05)。尽管 TLR4 在未受刺激和受刺激的蛋白丰富栖鸡 PBMCs 中均有表达，但其在受脂多糖刺激的 PBMCs 中表达较高。因此，可以通过评估 PBMCs 的促炎细胞因子产生来评估鸡脂毒素的反应。版权：© Jeenkeawpieam, 等人。

Immune cells require toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to respond to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are used to assess changes in cytokines released in response to diseases or pathogens. This study aimed to assess TLR4 gene expression in PBMCs from Leghorn chicken and the release of related cytokines.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples obtained from Leghorn chicks. The PBMC cultures were stimulated with various concentrations of LPS (0.01-1 μg/ml). Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect TLR4 expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.We found that TLR4 was expressed in both non-stimulated and stimulated Leghorn chicken PBMCs. In addition, the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in Leghorn chicken PBMCs increased significantly with an increase in LPS concentration (0.01-1 μg/mL) (p < 0.05).Although TLR4 was expressed in both non-stimulated and stimulated Leghorn chicken PBMCs, its expression was significantly higher in LPS-stimulated PBMCs Therefore, the chicken's endotoxin response can be assessed by evaluating the pro-inflammatory cytokine production from PBMCs.Copyright: © Jeenkeawpieam, et al.