阴道原发性小细胞神经内分泌癌是一种非常罕见的疾病。我们报告了一例52岁女性病例，她就诊于医院，主要症状是尿滴漏、尿道灼热感、疼痛和经阴道出血，持续三到四个月。经特殊扩张器检查，在阴道前壁可触及一个约5-6厘米的坚硬球形肿块。通过组织活检和免疫组织化学检查，诊断为小细胞神经内分泌癌。诊断影像学（MRI，正电子发射断层扫描（PET-CT））在确定诊断和了解治疗反应中起着至关重要的作用。患者接受了六个周期的顺铂和依托泊苷化疗以及放疗，取得了完全缓解，病变完全消退。经过六个月的随访，患者未发现肿瘤复发、局部复发或远处转移。如今，在阴道小细胞神经内分泌癌的治疗中不再需要手术，放疗和化疗是首选治疗方法。我们报道了一例在我们医院接受治疗的阴道神经内分泌癌病例。版权所有 © 2023，Asghar等人。

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina is a very rare disease. We present a case study of a 52-year-old female who presented to the hospital with complaints of urinary dribbling, burning micturition, pain, and per vaginal bleeding for three to four months. A firm globular mass of approximately 5-6 cm was felt in the anterior vaginal wall per speculum examination. Diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was made with tissue biopsy and immunohistochemistry. Diagnostic imaging (MRI, positron emission tomography (PET)-CT) plays a vital role in reaching the diagnosis and understanding the treatment response. The patient received six cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide and radiotherapy, achieving a complete response, with complete regression of the lesion. The patient had no sign of tumor recurrence and locoregional or distant metastases after six months of follow-up. Nowadays, there is no need for surgery in the treatment of vaginal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, rather radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the treatment of choice. We report a case of neuroendocrine cancer of the vagina treated at our institution.Copyright © 2023, Asghar et al.