引言。现在已经知道癌症是一个重大的公共卫生问题；另一方面，鲜为人知，甚至常常被低估的是，百分之相当大的癌症患者将会经历与癌症相关的急症情况。这些情况根据严重程度的不同，可能需要在重症监护室或急诊科进行治疗。此外，肿瘤病理学在第一件事情上直接表现出来，与相关急症有关，也并不少见。急诊科在癌症患者管理中被证实是一个基础和核心单位。许多癌症病例最初是通过症状诊断出来，使得患者入院急诊科。材料与方法。本文档回顾的目的是分析急性肿瘤病例在急诊设置中的影响以及急诊医师在其治疗中的作用。我们在1981年1月至2023年4月期间使用主要的科学平台进行了检索，包括PubMed，Scopus，Medline，Embase和Google学术搜索，分析了156篇论文。结果。为了探究越来越拥挤的急诊科中主要的肿瘤急症及其管理,我们分析了以下急性病理学：神经学急症、代谢和内分泌急症、血管急症、恶性积液、中性粒细胞减少热和贫血。讨论/结论。我们的分析发现，有必要重新定义与肿瘤学患者治疗相关的急诊科，不仅要考虑严格意义上的癌症治疗，还要考虑合并症、肿瘤急症和临终关怀设置。需要重新设计一个能够处理急性肿瘤病例和临终关怀的急诊科显然是必要的，特别是当这与不能通过综合家庭护理在家中处理的严重后果相关时。总之，对范式的重新定义显得很有必要，例如肿瘤学和急诊科属于不同专业的各种专家之间的整合。因此，我们的工作旨在提供一本手册，以便检测、诊断和治疗肿瘤急症，希望能够从多学科的视角对患者进行管理，这也可能导致急诊室中经常有一个肿瘤学家。

Introduction. It is now known that cancer is a major public health problem; on the other hand, it is less known, or rather, often underestimated, that a significant percentage of cancer patients will experience a cancer-related emergency. These conditions, depending on the severity, may require treatment in intensive care or in the emergency departments. In addition, it is not uncommon for a tumor pathology to manifest itself directly, in the first instance, with a related emergency. The emergency unit proves to be a fundamental and central unit in the management of cancer patients. Many cancer cases are diagnosed in the first instance as a result of symptoms that lead the patient's admittance into the emergency room. Materials and Methods. This narrative review aims to analyze the impact of acute oncological cases in the emergency setting and the role of the emergency physician in their management. A search was conducted over the period January 1981-April 2023 using the main scientific platforms, including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase and Google scholar, and 156 papers were analyzed. Results. To probe into the main oncological emergencies and their management in increasingly overcrowded emergency departments, we analyzed the following acute pathologies: neurological emergencies, metabolic and endocrinological emergencies, vascular emergencies, malignant effusions, neutropenic fever and anemia. Discussion/Conclusions. Our analysis found that a redefinition of the emergency department connected with the treatment of oncology patients is necessary, considering not only the treatment of the oncological disease in the strict sense, but also the comorbidities, the oncological emergencies and the palliative care setting. The need to redesign an emergency department that is able to manage acute oncological cases and end of life appears clear, especially when this turns out to be related to severe effects that cannot be managed at home with integrated home care. In conclusion, a redefinition of the paradigm appears mandatory, such as the integration between the various specialists belonging to oncological medicine and the emergency department. Therefore, our work aims to provide what can be a handbook to detect, diagnose and treat oncological emergencies, hoping for patient management in a multidisciplinary perspective, which could also lead to the regular presence of an oncologist in the emergency room.