天然来源合成纳米材料(NMs)因其固有的优势，包括生物相容性、刺激响应性、无毒性、经济性和在生物环境中非免疫特性而引起了更大的关注。在各种生物医学应用中，药物传递系统(DDS)的发展取得了突破性进展。生物相容性对于安全治疗疾病而没有任何不良影响是必要的。DDS中的一些组分对生理环境，如pH值、温度和靶标处的功能团反应，促进了靶向药物释放。以NM为基础的DDS被应用于治疗癌症、关节炎、心血管疾病以及皮肤和眼科疾病。金属纳米材料和碳量子点是利用从天然来源提取的功能分子合成和稳定的。聚合物、粘液和胶质、外泌体以及具有生物活性的分子直接来自天然来源。在DDS中，这些功能组分被用作药物载体、成像剂、靶向分子和超级崩解剂。植物提取物、生物废物、生物质和微生物被用作获得这些NMs的天然来源。本综述文章重点介绍了DDS中金属材料、聚合材料、碳点、粘液和胶质以及外泌体的天然来源、合成和应用。此外，还讨论了利用自然资源进行DDS的挑战和未来展望。

Nanomaterials (NMs) synthesized from natural sources have been attracting greater attention, due to their intrinsic advantages including biocompatibility, stimuli-responsive property, nontoxicity, cost-effectiveness, and non-immunogenic characteristics in the biological environment. Among various biomedical applications, a breakthrough has been achieved in the development of drug delivery systems (DDS). Biocompatibility is necessary for treating a disease safely without any adverse effects. Some components in DDS respond to the physiological environment, such as pH, temperature, and functional group at the target, which facilitates targeted drug release. NM-based DDS is being applied for treating cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and dermal and ophthalmic diseases. Metal nanomaterials and carbon quantum dots are synthesized and stabilized using functional molecules extracted from natural sources. Polymers, mucilage and gums, exosomes, and molecules with biological activities are directly derived from natural sources. In DDS, these functional components have been used as drug carriers, imaging agents, targeting moieties, and super disintegrants. Plant extracts, biowaste, biomass, and microorganisms have been used as the natural source for obtaining these NMs. This review highlights the natural sources, synthesis, and application of metallic materials, polymeric materials, carbon dots, mucilage and gums, and exosomes in DDS. Aside from that, challenges and future perspectives on using natural resources for DDS are also discussed.