手术在管理前苏联国家，包括吉尔吉斯斯坦中的复杂结核病中起着重要作用。然而，公开的信息有限。本研究旨在使用常规收集的数据记录接受胸部手术的结核病患者的趋势、特点和结果。在2017年至2021年期间，吉尔吉斯斯坦有4-7%的结核病患者在比什凯克和奥什的两个中心接受了胸部手术。在2021年，国内340名接受胸部手术的患者中，共检索到264份（78%）病历。手术的最常见指征是127例（44%）的胸腔积液/脓胸和83例（32%）的结核瘤。大多数患者（73%）在开始结核治疗后的30天内接受了手术。三分之二的患者接受了根治手术，手术结果在99%的患者中优良，其中一人死亡。术后，有63例（23%）患者的组织学中未检测到结核病，其中两种最常见的指定病症是肺癌和肺包虫病。对这些患者停止了结核治疗。在手术后确认患有结核病的201名患者中，有163名（81%）记录了结核治疗的成功，10名（5%）死亡/失败/失访，28名（14%）未评估。本研究表明，在常规程序设置中，胸部手术是可行、安全和有效的。建议加强转诊和监测系统。

Surgery has played an important role in managing complicated tuberculosis in former Soviet Union countries, including the Kyrgyz Republic. However, published information is limited. This study aimed to document the trend, characteristics and outcomes of tuberculosis patients who underwent thoracic surgery, using routinely collected data. Between 2017 and 2021, 4-7% of tuberculosis patients in the Kyrgyz Republic underwent thoracic surgery in two centres in Bishkek and Osh. In 2021, case records were retrieved in 264 (78%) of 340 patients undergoing thoracic surgery in the country. The most common indications for surgery were pleural exudate/empyema in 127 (44%) and tuberculoma in 83 (32%). Most patients (73%) underwent surgery within 30 days of starting TB treatment. Two-thirds of patients underwent radical surgery, and surgical outcomes were excellent in 99% of patients with one death. Post-operatively, 63 (23%) patients had no TB detected by the histology, with the two most common specified conditions being lung cancer and pulmonary hydatid disease. TB treatment was stopped in these patients. Of the 201 patients with confirmed TB after surgery, TB-treatment success was documented in 163 (81%), died/failure/lost to follow-up in 10 (5%) and not evaluated in 28 (14%). This study shows that thoracic surgery is feasible, safe and effective in the routine programme setting. Recommendations are made to strengthen referral and monitoring systems.