由于细菌耐药性加剧和新型抗生素开发滞后，为细菌感染性疾病开发新的治疗方案至关重要。目前，免疫治疗是治疗感染性疾病的有希望的方案。粘膜相关固有T细胞（MAIT细胞）是人体中丰富的固有样T细胞亚群，它们可以迅速对病原体进行免疫应答，成为感染性疾病免疫治疗的潜在靶点。在感染部位，激活的MAIT细胞通过分泌多种细胞因子和细胞毒物质来执行复杂的生物功能。许多研究表明，MAIT细胞具有免疫保护效应，因为它们能够搭建固有免疫和适应性免疫应答之间的桥梁，导致细菌清除、组织修复和稳态维持。MAIT细胞还参与细胞因子风暴的产生、组织纤维化和癌症进展，表明它们在免疫病理学中发挥作用。本文回顾了近期关于MAIT细胞的研究，讨论了它们在细菌感染性疾病中的双重作用，并提供了一些有前景的针对MAIT细胞的治疗细菌感染性疾病的策略。 © 2023作者。由牛津大学出版社代表英国免疫学学会发表。版权所有。如需授权，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Due to the aggravation of bacterial drug resistance and the lag in the development of new antibiotics, it is crucial to develop novel therapeutic regimens for bacterial infectious diseases. Currently, immunotherapy is a promising regimen for the treatment of infectious diseases. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a subpopulation of innate-like T cells, are abundant in humans and can mount a rapid immune response to pathogens, thus becoming a potential target of immunotherapy for infectious diseases. At the site of infection, activated MAIT cells perform complex biological functions by secreting a variety of cytokines and cytotoxic substances. Many studies have shown that MAIT cells have immunoprotective effects because they can bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to bacterial clearance, tissue repair, and homeostasis maintenance. MAIT cells also participate in cytokine storm generation, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression, indicating that they play a role in immunopathology. In this article, we review recent studies of MAIT cells, discuss their dual roles in bacterial infectious diseases, and provide some promising MAIT cell-targeting strategies for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.