肠道微生物组已被越来越广泛地认识到在结肠癌的发展和进展中的关键角色。肠道菌群的改变，即所谓的菌群失调，可能引发多种医学问题。通过信号和小分子的微生物适应能够增强病原体的定植并调节宿主免疫，从而显著影响疾病的进展。定量感应肽和分子已与结肠癌的进展相关联。多种干预手段，如粪便微生物移植、益生菌、益生元、共生元和抗生素，已被用于逆转菌群失调，但效果参差不齐且存在潜在副作用。因此，基于患者特点（如个体肠道菌群调控）的个体化治疗选择是预防和治疗结肠癌等疾病的必要方法。随着元转录组测序和其他组学技术的进步，人们日益关注于开发针对微生物失衡诱发的结肠癌的精准医学策略。本综述旨在综合总结当前关于肠道微生物组在结肠癌中的参与的知识。通过探索利用肠道微生物组作为精准医学靶点的潜力，本综述强调了前景广阔的机遇。尽管存在挑战，将微生物组数据整合到精准医学方法中具有改变结肠癌管理方式的潜力，为患者提供更个体化、更有效的治疗选择。©2023年捷克科学院微生物学研究所

The gut microbiome has been increasingly recognized as a key player in the development and progression of colon cancer. Alterations in the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can lead to a variety of medical issues. Microbial adaptation through signals and small molecules can enhance pathogen colonization and modulate host immunity, significantly impacting disease progression. Quorum sensing peptides and molecules have been linked to the progression of colon cancer. Various interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics, have been used to reverse dysbiosis with mixed results and potential side effects. Thus, a personalized approach to treatment selection based on patient characteristics, such as individual gut microbiota manipulation, is necessary to prevent and treat diseases like colon cancer. With advances in metagenomic sequencing and other omics technologies, there has been a growing interest in developing precision medicine strategies for microbial imbalance-induced colon cancer. This review serves as a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on the gut microbiome involvement in colon cancer. By exploring the potential of utilizing the gut microbiome as a target for precision medicine, this review underscores the exciting opportunities that lie ahead. Although challenges exist, the integration of microbiome data into precision medicine approaches has the potential to revolutionize the management of colon cancer, providing patients with more personalized and effective treatment options.© 2023. Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.