乳腺癌（BC）是全球范围内流行的恶性肿瘤，发病率不断增加。然而，对于已接受手术治疗的中国BC患者的临床特征和预后的研究仍然不足。本研究旨在评估中国手术治疗的BC患者的总生存期（OS）和无病生存期（DFS），着重关注组织病理学和手术方法。 该队列研究收集了2009年1月至2017年9月期间接受手术的单侧BC患者的病历回顾性复查数据，随访时间中位数为7.69年。通过分析这些记录提取了临床特征，并进行了生存分析。数据分析于2023年3月进行。 患者的OS和DFS。 本研究共包括14,782例患者（14,724例[99.6%]女性患者；平均[SD]年龄为51.6 [10.9]岁）。浸润性导管癌（IDC）是最常见的类型，共有12,671例患者（85.6%）患有该类型。0期、I期、II期、III期和IV期分别占病例的6.4%（919例）、32.0%（4579例）、40.5%（5791例）、20.2%（2896例）和0.9%（126例）。有10,241例患者（75.1%）为激素受体（HR）阳性，3665例（29.1%）检测结果显示ERBB2（以前称为HER2/neu）阳性。HR阴性-ERBB2阴性、HR阴性-ERBB2阳性、HR阳性-ERBB2阴性和HR阳性-ERBB2阳性亚型分别占病例的13.3%（1666例）、12.7%（1595例）、57.8%（7251例）和16.2%（2034例）。共2884例患者（19.5%）接受了乳房保留手术（BCS）。五年和十年的OS率分别为92.9%（14,732中的13,689）和87.4%（3,760中的3,287），而五年和十年的DFS率分别为89.0%（14,512中的12,916）和82.9%（3,713中的3,078）。多变量分析发现，对于IDC患者，年龄、BCS、浸润性肿瘤大小、肿瘤分级、淋巴管侵犯（LVI）、淋巴结转移数（LNMs）、远处转移、Ki67和HR状态与OS有关，而浸润性肿瘤大小、肿瘤分级、LVI、LNMs数目、HR状态和ERBB2状态与DFS有关。通过倾向评分匹配后，BCS对IDC患者的生存与乳房切除术相当。 该队列研究对中国接受手术治疗的BC患者的组织病理学特征和生存结果提供了有价值的见解。多样化的组织病理学特征强调了个体化治疗策略的必要性。研究人群中相对较低的BCS比例表明需要提高对该方法的认识和采用，考虑其对生存的潜在优势。

Breast cancer (BC) remains a pervasive malignant neoplasm worldwide, with increasing incidence. However, there are a scarcity of studies examining the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Chinese patients with BC who have undergone surgery.To evaluate overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with surgically treated BC in China, focusing on histopathology and surgical approach.This cohort study included a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with unilateral BC who underwent surgery between January 2009 and September 2017, with a median follow-up time of 7.69 years. Clinical features were extracted from these records, and survival analysis was performed. Data analysis was conducted in March 2023.Patients' OS and DFS.The study included 14 782 patients (14 724 [99.6%] female patients; mean [SD] age, 51.6 [10.9] years). Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most prevalent type, observed in 12 671 patients (85.6%). Stages 0, I, II, III, and IV accounted for 6.4% (919 patients), 32.0% (4579 patients), 40.5% (5791 patients), 20.2% (2896 patients), and 0.9% (126 patients) of cases, respectively. Hormone receptor (HR) positivity was observed in 10 241 patients (75.1%), and 3665 (29.1%) tested positive for ERBB2 (formerly HER2/neu). The HR-negative-ERBB2-negative, HR-negative-ERBB2-positive, HR-positive-ERBB2-negative, and HR-positive-ERBB2-positive subtypes constituted 13.3% (1666 patients), 12.7% (1595 patients), 57.8% (7251 patients), and 16.2% (2034 patients) of cases, respectively. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was performed in 2884 patients (19.5%). The 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 92.9% (13 689 of 14 732) and 87.4% (3287 of 3760), while the 5-year and 10-year DFS rates were 89.0% (12 916 of 14 512) and 82.9% (3078 of 3713), respectively. Multivariate analysis found that for patients with IDC, age, BCS, invasive tumor size, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), the number of lymph node metastases (LNMs), distant metastasis, Ki67, and HR status were associated with OS, whereas invasive tumor size, tumor grade, LVI, the number of LNMs, HR status, and ERBB2 status were associated with DFS. After propensity score matching, BCS was equivalent to mastectomy with respect to survival in patients with IDC.This cohort study of patients with BC who underwent surgery in China provides valuable insights into the histopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of this population. The diverse histopathological features emphasize the necessity for customized treatment strategies. The relatively low BCS rate in the study population suggests the need for heightened awareness and adoption of this approach, considering its potential advantages for survival.