特发性肺纤维化（IPF）是一种高度异质性、不可预测和终末致命的慢性肺疾病。在过去的十年中，已证实两种抗纤维化药物能延缓疾病进展，然而，这两种药物均以统一剂量给药，对疾病严重程度和个体间的分子、基因和基因组差异几乎没有考虑。生物学对疾病亚型的理解以及精准医学的出现指出，在慢性肺疾病管理中，“一刀切”的方法已不再适用。尽管精准医学方法已经在肺癌和哮喘等其他疾病的治疗中产生了革命性的影响，但在IPF的临床实践中实施精准医学仍然存在一个未满足的需求，尽管有多份报告表明IPF中存在大量的诊断、预后和治疗靶向标志物候选物。本综述旨在总结我们对IPF中精准医学的现有知识，并强调将这些研究发现转化为临床实践的障碍。版权所有 © 2023 The Author(s). 由Elsevier B.V.出版。保留所有权利。

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a highly heterogeneous, unpredictable and ultimately lethal chronic lung disease. Over the last decade, two anti-fibrotic agents have been shown to slow disease progression, however, both drugs are administered uniformly with minimal consideration of disease severity and inter-individual molecular, genetic, and genomic differences. Advances in biological understanding of disease endotyping and the emergence of precision medicine have shown that "a one-size-fits-all approach" to the management of chronic lung diseases is no longer appropriate. While precision medicine approaches have revolutionized the management of other diseases such as lung cancer and asthma, the implementation of precision medicine in IPF clinical practice remains an unmet need despite several reports demonstrating a large number of diagnostic, prognostic and theragnostic biomarker candidates in IPF. This review article aims to summarize our current knowledge of precision medicine in IPF and highlight barriers to translate these research findings into clinical practice.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.