肿瘤和肿瘤微环境（TME）由一系列细胞组成，包括恶性、免疫、成纤维细胞和血管细胞，它们之间相互通讯。TME内部细胞间的信息传递障碍，由多种外源性和内源性因素引起，可能导致肿瘤发生、抑制宿主免疫系统，并促使肿瘤逃避免疫。理解和解决TME中细胞间的信息传递不畅对于对抗这些过程至关重要。免疫疗法的有效性及患者观察到的异质性反应可以归因于免疫细胞与癌细胞之间错综复杂的细胞间通讯。为了诠释这些相互作用，我们发展了各种实验、统计和计算技术。这些技术包括配体-受体分析、细胞间邻近标记方法和基于成像的方法，这些方法提供了对TME中细胞间交互作用的洞察。通过对这些相互作用的特征进行表征，我们可以改进癌症免疫疗法策略的设计。在本综述中，我们将介绍在细胞间通讯定位领域的最新进展，特别关注免疫-肿瘤细胞间的相互作用。通过对这些相互作用进行建模，我们可以确定关键因素并制定策略，以提高免疫疗法的反应，并克服治疗抵抗。

The tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) consist of a complex network of cells, including malignant, immune, fibroblast, and vascular cells, which communicate with each other. Disruptions in cell-cell communication within the TME, caused by a multitude of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, can contribute to tumorigenesis, hinder the host immune system, and enable tumor evasion. Understanding and addressing intercellular miscommunications in the TME are vital for combating these processes. The effectiveness of immunotherapy and the heterogeneous response observed among patients can be attributed to the intricate cellular communication between immune cells and cancer cells. To unravel these interactions, various experimental, statistical, and computational techniques have been developed. These include ligand-receptor analysis, intercellular proximity labeling approaches, and imaging-based methods, which provide insights into the distorted cell-cell interactions within the TME. By characterizing these interactions, we can enhance the design of cancer immunotherapy strategies. In this review, we present recent advancements in the field of mapping intercellular communication, with a particular focus on immune-tumor cellular interactions. By modeling these interactions, we can identify critical factors and develop strategies to improve immunotherapy response and overcome treatment resistance.