我们评估了在具有生化不完全应答 (BIR) 且没有结构性疾病证据的患者群中，经验性放射性碘治疗 (RAI) 的治疗结果。我们回顾性地评估了820例没有远处转移的不同型甲状腺癌 (DTC) 患者，这些患者接受了全甲状腺切除术后的 RAI 治疗，并在12个月和随访评估中进行了 BIR 的检查。根据是否接受经验性治疗 (ET)，将患者分为不同组别。为了解决接受 (n = 119) 和不接受 (n = 701) ET 的患者之间的差异，我们创建了一组通过倾向评分匹配的119名接受 ET 和119名不接受 ET 的患者。需要额外治疗和结构性疾病的发生被视为终点。在中位随访时间为53个月 (范围为3-285个月) 的期间，发生了57个事件 (累计发生率为24%)。无 ET 患者的发生率显著高于 ET 患者 (30% vs. 18%，p < 0.001)。多变量 Cox 分析确定年龄 (p < 0.01)，治疗前 Tg (p < 0.05) 和经验性 RAI 治疗 (p < 0.01) 是结果的预测因子。Kaplan-Meier 分析发现无 ET 患者的无进展生存期较 ET 组更低 (p < 0.01)。在接受手术和 RAI 治疗且在12个月评估中出现生化不完全应答的 DTC 患者中，甲状腺球蛋白 (Tg) 值和经验性治疗似乎影响了预后。确定此方法的适用对象可能会改善预后。

We assessed the outcome of administration of empiric radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy to patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), in a propensity-score-matched cohort of patients with biochemical incomplete response (BIR) and without evidence of structural disease. We retrospectively evaluated 820 DTC patients without distant metastases, who underwent total thyroidectomy followed by RAI therapy, with available BIR at 12 months and follow-up evaluations. The patients were categorized according to the administration of empiric therapy (ET). To account for differences between patients with (n = 119) and without (n = 701) ET, a propensity-score-matched cohort of 119 ET and 119 no-ET patients was created. The need for additional therapy and the occurrence of structural disease were considered as end-points. During a median follow-up of 53 months (range 3-285), 57 events occurred (24% cumulative event rate). The rate of events was significantly higher in the no-ET compared to the ET patients (30% vs. 18% p < 0.001). The multivariate Cox analysis identified age (p < 0.01), pre-therapy Tg (p < 0.05) and empiric RAI therapy (p < 0.01) as predictors of outcome. The Kaplan-Meier analysis found that progression-free survival was lower in no-ET patients compared to the ET group (p < 0.01). In patients with DTC treated with surgery and RAI, and with biochemical incomplete response at the 12-month evaluation, their prognosis seemed to be affected by Tg values and the empiric treatment. The identification of candidates for this approach may improve prognosis.