乳腺癌（BC）是全球女性中肿瘤相关死亡率最高的疾病，这进一步证明了对于早期诊断和随访BC患者治疗的分子工具的追求。循环的细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由包括肿瘤细胞在内的所有人类细胞产生的膜纳米室。由于微创方法可以收集到EVs，这些颗粒代表了细胞间通讯信号的储存库，因此吸引了许多研究人员的兴趣，目的是改善BC的筛查和治疗。在这里，我们分析了BC衍生的EVs的货物，包括蛋白质和核酸，整理出了一个涉及四个不同类别的潜在标记物的综合列表，即（i）侵袭性和生长的调节；（ii）准转移性巢穴的准备；（iii）上皮-间质转化；以及（iv）药物耐药表型，根据它们作为BC囊泡生物标记物的特异性与敏感性进行进一步分类。我们讨论了基于EV的测试的治疗潜力和临床应用的障碍，包括EV的异质性以及分析其内容的可用技术，以呈现一个一致性、可重复性和经济实惠的标记物集合，以供进一步评估。

Breast cancer (BC) accounts for the highest incidence of tumor-related mortality among women worldwide, justifying the growing search for molecular tools for the early diagnosis and follow-up of BC patients under treatment. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanocompartments produced by all human cells, including tumor cells. Since minimally invasive methods collect EVs, which represent reservoirs of signals for cell communication, these particles have attracted the interest of many researchers aiming to improve BC screening and treatment. Here, we analyzed the cargoes of BC-derived EVs, both proteins and nucleic acids, which yielded a comprehensive list of potential markers divided into four distinct categories, namely, (i) modulation of aggressiveness and growth; (ii) preparation of the pre-metastatic niche; (iii) epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (iv) drug resistance phenotype, further classified according to their specificity and sensitivity as vesicular BC biomarkers. We discuss the therapeutic potential of and barriers to the clinical implementation of EV-based tests, including the heterogeneity of EVs and the available technologies for analyzing their content, to present a consistent, reproducible, and affordable set of markers for further evaluation.