作为传承数千年的治疗工具，传统中医在肿瘤治疗方面表现出卓越的优势。与传统化疗药物相比，中医抗肿瘤活性成分不仅具有多靶点治疗模式，还可以协同干预肿瘤生长。然而，中医抗肿瘤活性成分大多具有溶解度差、毒性高、副作用大等特点，常常受到临床应用的限制。近年来，采用纳米系统进行中医抗肿瘤活性成分的传递已成为一个有前景的领域。纳米传递系统的优势包括提高水溶性、靶向效率、增强体内稳定性、控制释放药物等，可以实现更高的药物传递效率和生物利用度。根据纳米载体上药物装载的方法，纳米传递系统可分为物理封装纳米平台和化学耦合药物传递平台两种类型。在本综述中，我们考虑了两种常用的纳米传递方法，即物理封装和化学耦合，用于传递中医抗肿瘤活性成分，并总结了不同类型纳米传递系统的优点和局限性。同时，还讨论了纳米传递系统的临床应用和潜在毒性，以及这些纳米传递系统未来的发展和挑战，旨在为中医纳米传递系统在临床应用中的发展和实际应用奠定基础。

As a therapeutic tool inherited for thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) exhibits superiority in tumor therapy. The antitumor active components of TCM not only have multi-target treatment modes but can also synergistically interfere with tumor growth compared to traditional chemotherapeutics. However, most antitumor active components of TCM have the characteristics of poor solubility, high toxicity, and side effects, which are often limited in clinical application. In recent years, delivering the antitumor active components of TCM by nanosystems has been a promising field. The advantages of nano-delivery systems include improved water solubility, targeting efficiency, enhanced stability in vivo, and controlled release drugs, which can achieve higher drug-delivery efficiency and bioavailability. According to the method of drug loading on nanocarriers, nano-delivery systems can be categorized into two types, including physically encapsulated nanoplatforms and chemically coupled drug-delivery platforms. In this review, two nano-delivery approaches are considered, namely physical encapsulation and chemical coupling, both commonly used to deliver antitumor active components of TCM, and we summarized the advantages and limitations of different types of nano-delivery systems. Meanwhile, the clinical applications and potential toxicity of nano-delivery systems and the future development and challenges of these nano-delivery systems are also discussed, aiming to lay the foundation for the development and practical application of nano-delivery systems of TCM in clinical settings.