恶性黑色素瘤对全球健康构成重大负担。它是皮肤癌中最具侵略性和致命性的形式，主要与各种风险因素有关，如紫外线辐射暴露、基因修改、化学致癌物、免疫抑制和白皙肤色。光动力疗法是一种有前景的微创治疗方法，利用光激活光敏剂使产生活性氧自由基，最终导致细胞死亡。在选择黑色素瘤光动力疗法的光敏剂时，应考虑到黑色素的存在。黑色素与大多数光敏剂类似，吸收可见光辐射，并具有抗氧化特性，这会削弱光动力疗法过程中产生的活性氧自由基。这些特性推动了进一步研究新的光敏剂平台，以确保更好的治疗效果。纳米技术的应用推动了光敏剂的发展，对增强溶解度、光吸收和肿瘤靶向起着关键作用。本文综述了当前在黑色素瘤光动力疗法中应用不同光敏剂、纳米载体、化疗药物协同作用的方法。

Malignant melanoma poses a significant global health burden. It is the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, attributed to various risk factors such as UV radiation exposure, genetic modifications, chemical carcinogens, immunosuppression, and fair complexion. Photodynamic therapy is a promising minimally invasive treatment that uses light to activate a photosensitizer, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, which ultimately promote cell death. When selecting photosensitizers for melanoma photodynamic therapy, the presence of melanin should be considered. Melanin absorbs visible radiation similar to most photosensitizers and has antioxidant properties, which undermines the reactive species generated in photodynamic therapy processes. These characteristics have led to further research for new photosensitizing platforms to ensure better treatment results. The development of photosensitizers has advanced with the use of nanotechnology, which plays a crucial role in enhancing solubility, optical absorption, and tumour targeting. This paper reviews the current approaches (that use the synergistic effect of different photosensitizers, nanocarriers, chemotherapeutic agents) in the photodynamic therapy of melanoma.