COVID-19患者可出现程度不同的疾病形式，症状轻重不一。本研究采用2年的回顾性队列研究，旨在评估2020年3月至2022年2月期间住院的COVID-19患者中与肺炎发展相关的因素。共纳入385名患者（男性占59.0%），平均年龄为69.0±16.0岁。在入院时，318名患者（82.6%）报告有一项或多项合并症，其中201名（52.2%）患有高血压，98名（25.5%）患有2型糖尿病，84名（21.8%）患有肥胖症，36名（9.4%）患有癌症，14名（3.6%）患有肾脏疾病并正在接受透析治疗，以及76名（19.7%）已接种了较高比例的BNT162b2疫苗（15.0%）。其中276名（71.7%）患者被诊断出患有肺炎。多变量回归分析显示，在COVID-19患者中，肺炎与2型糖尿病（OR 1.81；95% CI 1.00-3.27）、肥胖症（OR 2.52；95% CI 1.27-4.98）呈正相关，与高血压（OR 0.58；95% CI 0.35-0.96）呈负相关。针对SARS-CoV-2的疫苗接种成为COVID-19患者预防肺炎发展的强有力因素（OR 0.49；95% CI 0.28-0.85）。

Patients with COVID-19 can develop different forms of the illness with more or less severe symptoms. A 2-year retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with the development of pneumonia in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 2020 to February 2022. A total of 385 patients (59.0% males) with a mean age of 69.0 ± 16.0 years were included. At hospital admission, 318 patients (82.6%) reported one or more comorbidities, namely 201 (52.2%) subjects were affected by hypertension, 98 (25.5%) type 2 diabetes, 84 (21.8%) obesity, 36 (9.4%) cancer, and 14 (3.6%) suffered from kidney disease and were being treated with dialysis, and 76 (19.7%) resulted in being vaccinated with a higher prevalence of BNT162b2 vaccine (15.0%). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 276 (71.7%) patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that pneumonia in COVID-19 patients was positively associated with type 2 diabetes (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.00-3.27), obesity (OR 2.52; 95% CI 1.27-4.98), and negatively with hypertension (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.35-0.96). Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a strongly protective factor against the development of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.28-0.85).