爱普斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是鼻咽癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤（HL）和非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）发展的众所周知的危险因素。HIV感染者（PWH）患EBV相关恶性肿瘤（如HL和NHL）的风险增加。然而，对于埃塞俄比亚这一人群的EBV负担的数据有限。因此，这项研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚成年HIV阳性个体中EBV感染的负担，并评估EBV DNA阳性的决定因素。我们在Tikur Anbessa专科医院进行了一项横断面研究，时间从2020年3月到2021年3月。共有260名个体参与了本研究，包括179名HIV阳性和81名HIV阴性个体。使用结构化问卷收集人口统计学和个体属性数据。此外，还从临床记录中检索患者的临床数据。我们利用多重流式免疫检测法测量EBV带壳抗原（VCA）IgG抗体，利用定量实时聚合酶链反应（q-PCR）检测EBV DNA水平，该反应靶向EBNA-1开放阅读框架（ORF）。对每个研究变量进行描述性统计分析。应用多变量 logistic 回归模型评估EBV感染的决定因素。统计学显著性水平设定为p值<0.05。253名（97.7%）研究参与者对EBV VCA IgG抗体呈阳性。按HIV感染状态分析，99.4%的HIV阳性和93.8%的HIV阴性参与者对EBV呈阳性。本研究中，49.7%的HIV阳性和24.7%的HIV阴性个体对EBV DNA呈阳性。PWH EBV DNA阳性的风险为3.05倍（AOR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.40-6.67）。此外，在PWH中，HIV病毒载量大于1000个RNA拷贝/mL的个体（AOR = 5.81, 95% CI = 1.40, 24.13）EBV DNA阳性的可能性更高。PWH的EBV患病率明显高于HIV阴性个体。PWH中HIV病毒载量增高与EBV DNA阳性的风险增加有关。由于PWH EBV DNA病毒载量的增加可能与发展EBV相关癌症的风险相关，有必要对该人群中EBV在EBV相关癌症中的作用进行更多研究。

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a well-known risk factor for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). People with HIV infection (PWH) are at increased risk for EBV-associated malignancies such as HL and NHL. Nevertheless, there are limited data on the burden of EBV among this population group in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to determine the burden of EBV infection among adult HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia and assess the determinants of EBV DNA positivity. We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021. Two hundred and sixty individuals were enrolled in this study, including 179 HIV-positive and 81 HIV-negative individuals. A structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic and individual attributes. In addition, the clinical data of patients were also retrieved from clinical records. EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG antibody was measured by multiplex flow immunoassay, and EBV DNA levels were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) assays targeting the EBNA-1 open reading frame (ORF). Descriptive statistics were conducted to assess each study variable. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the determinants of EBV infection. Statistical significance was determined at a p-value < 0.05. Two hundred and fifty-three (97.7%) study participants were seropositive for the EBV VCA IgG antibody. Disaggregated by HIV status, 99.4% of HIV-positive and 93.8% of HIV-negative participants were EBV seropositive. In this study, 49.7% of HIV-positive and 24.7% of HIV-negative individuals were EBV DNA positive. PWH had a higher risk of EBV DNA positivity at 3.05 times (AOR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.40-6.67). Moreover, among PWH, those with an HIV viral load greater than 1000 RNA copies/mL (AOR = 5.81, 95% CI = 1.40, 24.13) had a higher likelihood of EBV DNA positivity. The prevalence of EBV among PWH was significantly higher than among HIV-negative individuals. Higher HIV viral loads in PWH were associated with an increased risk of EBV DNA positivity. Since the increases in the viral load of EBV DNA among PWH could be related to the risk of developing EBV-associated cancers, it is necessary for more research on the role of EBV in EBV-associated cancer in this population group to be carried out.