为评估硝酸阿伦膦酸钠作为治疗实验性牙周炎的局部辅助疗法对接受化疗的雄性大鼠的疗效。将180只雄性大鼠随机分为两组（n = 90），根据系统治疗分为生理盐水溶液（PSS）和5-氟尿嘧啶，并分为三个亚组（n = 30），即无治疗、洗根和平整术以及硝酸阿伦膦酸钠组。实验性牙周炎诱导后7天进行治疗。在诱导后的第14、22和37天收集标本。评估骨槽骨水平、叉骨处骨的百分比、叉骨处无活力骨的百分比、组织病理学特征以及酒石酸酸性磷酸酯酶（TRAP）和骨钙素（OCN）的免疫标记模式。 在未进行治疗的情况下，5-氟尿嘧啶组中的牙槽骨最少，无活力骨最多。在接受5-氟尿嘧啶治疗并接受牙周治疗的动物中，与单纯洗根和平整术相比，辅助应用硝酸阿伦膦酸钠导致叉骨处骨的百分比更高，并导致牙槽骨丢失更严重。使用硝酸阿伦膦酸钠时，无论是否进行系统治疗，牙周组织的结构和细胞密度模式均更好。在未进行治疗的情况下，TRAP表达量更高。在存在5-氟尿嘧啶的情况下，硝酸阿伦膦酸钠对骨钙素的免疫标记模式没有影响。 局部使用硝酸阿伦膦酸钠作为辅助疗法，可以防止在接受抗癌化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶的雄性大鼠实验性牙周炎中进行洗根和平整术后的牙槽骨丢失，并改善牙周组织的组织病理学特征。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

To assess sodium alendronate as a local adjunctive therapy for treating experimental periodontitis in male rats treated with chemotherapy.One-hundred-eighty male rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 90) based on the systemic treatments: PSS, physiological saline solution; and 5-Fluorouracil, and then, subdivided into three subgroups (n = 30): NT, no treatment; scaling and root planing; and sodium alendronate. Treatments were performed 7 days after induction of experimental periodontitis. Specimens were collected at 14, 22, and 37 days after induction. Alveolar bone level, percentage of bone in the furcation, percentage of non-vital bone in the furcation, histopathologic features, and immunolabeling pattern for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and osteocalcin (OCN) were evaluated.The lowest amount of alveolar bone and highest amount of non-vital bone was found in group 5-Fluorouracil when no treatment was performed. In animals receiving 5-Flurouracil and subjected to periodontal treatment, adjunctive sodium alendronate resulted in higher percentage of bone in the furcation and higher alveolar bone loss, when compared with scaling and root planing alone. Better structural and cellularity patterns were found in the periodontal tissues when sodium alendronate was used, regardless of systemic treatment. Higher TRAP-expression was found when no treatment was performed. Sodium alendronate didn't affect the immunolabeling pattern of osteocalcin in the presence of 5-Fluorouracil.Adjunctive therapy with local sodium alendronate prevented alveolar bone loss and improved the histopathological features of the periodontal tissues following scaling and root planing in male rats with experimental periodontitis receiving anticancer chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.