传统化疗是最广泛应用的癌症治疗方法之一，但其严重副作用常常导致治疗失败。药物抗性是导致这一失败的主要原因之一。系统化疗的最显著缺点是药物在循环中迅速清除，在肿瘤部位的浓度较低，并且在肿瘤以外的部位具有明显不良反应。已开发出多种方法来提高肿瘤治疗效果并克服药物抗性。近年来，靶向药物传递已成为重要的治疗应用。随着对肿瘤治疗抵抗机制的进一步了解，纳米粒子被设计用于靶向这些通路。因此，了解该技术的局限性和挑战对纳米载体评估至关重要。纳米药物在医学中的应用越来越广泛，可用于更精确和有效的肿瘤诊断、治疗和靶向治疗。纳米粒子（NP）基于药物传递系统在癌症治疗中具有许多好处，包括良好的药物动力学、肿瘤细胞特异性靶向、减少副作用和降低药物抗性。随着对肿瘤治疗抵抗机制的进一步了解，纳米粒子被设计用于靶向这些通路。目前，这一创新技术有潜力为癌症治疗带来新的见解。因此，了解该技术的局限性和挑战对纳米载体评估至关重要。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 发布。

Conventional chemotherapy, one of the most widely used cancer treatment methods, has serious side effects, and usually results in cancer treatment failure. Drug resistance is one of the primary reasons for this failure. The most significant drawbacks of systemic chemotherapy are rapid clearance from the circulation, the drug's low concentration in the tumor site, and considerable adverse effects outside the tumor. Several ways have been developed to boost neoplasm treatment efficacy and overcome medication resistance. In recent years, targeted drug delivery has become an essential therapeutic application. As more mechanisms of tumor treatment resistance are discovered, nanoparticles are designed to target these pathways. Therefore, understanding the limitations and challenges of this technology is critical for nanocarrier evaluation. Nano-drugs have been increasingly employed in medicine, incorporating therapeutic applications for more precise and effective tumor diagnosis, therapy, and targeting. Many benefits of nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems in cancer treatment have been proven, including good pharmacokinetics, tumor cell-specific targeting, decreased side effects, and lessened drug resistance. As more mechanisms of tumor treatment resistance are discovered, NPs are designed to target these pathways. At the moment, this innovative technology has the potential to bring fresh insights into cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the limitations and challenges of this technology is critical for nanocarrier evaluation.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.