心血管疾病一直是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是导致死亡的首要原因，甚至高于癌症。心血管疾病可能由心脏功能紊乱和心脏组织损伤导致。最近几年，对导致心脏功能紊乱的有毒物质和化学物质的暴露引起了广泛关注。化疗药物通常用于癌症治疗，而在这些患者中，心血管疾病普遍观察到，这是由于化疗药物对心脏的负面影响。这些药物会增加氧化性损伤和炎症反应，并介导细胞凋亡和心脏功能紊乱。因此，纳米技术方法已成为减轻化疗导致的心脏毒性的新策略。纳米颗粒的第一个优势在于靶向和选择性地输送药物，减少其在心脏组织中的积累。纳米结构可以输送生物活性和治疗性化合物，以减轻心脏毒性和减轻化疗药物的毒性影响。纳米结构的功能化使其对肿瘤细胞具有更高的选择性，并减少药物在心脏组织中的积累。壳聚糖和藻酸盐纳米结构等生物平台也可以输送化疗药物并减少心脏毒性。纳米结构的功能多样化可以通过水凝胶等新型平台实现药物持续释放，以减轻其对心脏组织的毒性影响。为缓解心脏毒性已经开发出多种纳米平台，其未来的临床应用取决于其生物相容性。高浓度的壳聚糖纳米颗粒可能会刺激心脏毒性。因此，如果要应用纳米技术进行药物输送和减轻心脏毒性，首要前提是对正常细胞无毒性且具有高生物相容性。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

The cardiovascular diseases have been among the most common malignancies and the first leading cause of death, even higher than cancer. The cardiovascular diseases can be developed as a result of cardiac dysfunction and damages to heart tissue. Exposure to toxic agents and chemicals that induce cardiac dysfunction has been of interest in recent years. The chemotherapy drugs are commonly used for cancer therapy and in these patients, cardiovascular diseases have been widely observed that is due to negative impact of chemotherapy drugs on the heart. These drugs increase oxidative damage and inflammation, and mediate apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Hence, nanotechnological approaches have been emerged as new strategies in attenuation of chemotherapy-mediated cardiotoxicity. The first advantage of nanoparticles can be explored in targeted and selective delivery of drugs to reduce their accumulation in heart tissue. Nanostructures can deliver bioactive and therapeutic compounds in reducing cardiotoxicity and alleviation toxic impacts of chemotherapy drugs. The functionalization of nanostructures increases their selectivity against tumor cells and reduces accumulation of drugs in heart tissue. The bioplatforms such as chitosan and alginate nanostructures can also deliver chemotherapy drugs and reduce their cardiotoxicity. The function of nanostructures is versatile in reduction of cardiotoxicity by chemotherapy drugs and new kind of platforms is hydrogels that can mediate sustained release of drug to reduce its toxic impacts on heart tissue. The various kinds of nanoplatforms have been developed for alleviation of cardiotoxicity and their future clinical application depends on their biocompatibility. High concentration level of chitosan nanoparticles can stimulate cardiotoxicity. Therefore, if nanotechnology is going to be deployed for drug delivery and reducing cardiotoxicity, the first pre-requirement is to lack toxicity on normal cells and have high biocompatibility.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.