三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是乳腺癌的一种高度侵袭性亚型，不表达雌激素受体、孕激素受体和人类表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）。尽管化疗是TNBC患者的主要治疗方式，但其疗效仍然有限。寻找更有效的治疗方法迫在眉睫。根据TNBC表达的特定分子和信号通路，出现了多种靶向治疗策略，包括PI3K/AKT/mTOR抑制剂、表皮生长因子受体抑制剂、Notch抑制剂、聚合酶ADP-核糖聚合酶抑制剂和抗体药物联合物。此外，免疫检查点抑制剂，例如帕博利珠单抗、阿替珠单抗和杜瓦卢珠单抗，已广泛在临床中探索。我们总结了TNBC靶向治疗和免疫治疗的最新进展，旨在为未来TNBC患者个体化治疗的发展提供参考。© 2023年 BioMed Central Ltd., Springer Nature子公司。

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer, negatively expresses estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Although chemotherapy is the main form of treatment for patients with TNBC, the effectiveness of chemotherapy for TNBC is still limited. The search for more effective therapies is urgent. Multiple targeted therapeutic strategies have emerged according to the specific molecules and signaling pathways expressed in TNBC. These include PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, Notch inhibitors, poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. Moreover, immune checkpoint inhibitors, for example, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab, are widely explored in the clinic. We summarize recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy in TNBC, with the aim of serving as a reference for the development of individualized treatment of patients with TNBC in the future.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.