肝脏通过胆道系统排泄胆汁，该系统具有复杂的解剖结构。胆总管上皮恶性肿瘤，即胆管癌，根据胆管的结构分为肝内和肝外部分，其患者呈现和分期多种多样的相似性和差异性。胆管癌的三种主要宏观特征——肿块形成、管内生长和管周浸润类型——使病理学家和外科医生能够观察和分析癌组织。大多数胆管癌患者处于晚期且预后不良。尽管手术是主要的治疗选择，但基于分子病理背景的靶向治疗为改善患者预后提供了希望。© 2023. 作者授予 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 独家许可。

The liver excretes bile through the biliary system, which has a complicated anatomical structure. Cholangiocarcinoma, a malignant bile duct epithelial tumor, is separated into intrahepatic and extrahepatic portions depending on the structure of the bile duct and exhibits both similarities and varieties in patient presentations and staging. The three main macroscopic characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma-mass formating, intraductal growth, and periductal infiltrating types-allow pathologists and surgeons to see and analyze the cancerous tissue. The majority of cholangiocarcinoma patients are in advanced stages and poor prognosis. Although surgery is the main treatment option, target therapy based on molecular pathology background offers hope for improving patient's prognosis.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.