胆管癌（CCA）是全球第二常见的原发性肝癌。尽管该病严重影响个体、家庭和社区，但人们对该病的认识和兴趣仍然普遍缺乏。本书的章节所包含的信息表明，这确实是一个重大的公共卫生和社会经济问题，不同国家对该病的认识水平也有所不同。在东南亚，与地方性胆管吸虫O. viverrini相关的CCA是流行病，泰国东北部的发病率全球最高，但该病是可治疗和可预防的。本书的章节强调了对O. viverrini物种复合体、中间宿主、系统发育学、种群遗传学以及三宿主生活周期复杂性的认识取得的重大进展。已经建立了一个全面的概念框架，以帮助理解CCA致癌机制和癌症发展的复杂性，从而改善有针对性的CCA治疗。在胆道内体细胞生长的病理机制方面，取得了许多进展，包括预后和分子发病机制的进展。不同诊断方法的发展及其优势增加了诊断准确性，提供可靠的信息，可以为每个患者选择适当的治疗和管理方案。最近发展出的尿液抗原检测方法特别引人注目，因为它简单易行，取样无创，并且在现场使用时易于操作，从而彻底改变了黄口吸虫病的诊断方法。在CCA患者的外科手术和全身治疗方面取得了显著进展。此外，建立了一个复杂数据收集和分析系统——伊桑队列，用于CCA的治疗和控制。重要的是，对通过生食、半煮或发酵的淡水鱼进食行为进行了社会、社区、宗教和人类学的深入了解。根据当前可用的多学科严谨数据，已经推出专门设计的教育计划/课程，针对学龄儿童，自胆管癌筛查和护理项目（CASCAP）及其随后的战略“无吸虫泰国”模式开始实施以来。教育计划正在泰国的其他省份扩大，并在不久的将来扩展至东南亚其他国家，首先是老挝，已经开始实施“无吸虫老挝”计划。目前对O. viverrini相关CCA在许多学科方面已经取得了许多进展，但仍需要在所有层面，特别是在流行区域提高对CCA的认识，全球范围内提高对CCA的认识也同样重要。由于寄生虫和与寄生虫相关的疾病没有国界，因此在所有黄口吸虫相关CCA是重大公共卫生问题的国家之间，建立一项有效的共同战略计划至关重要，从而提高数百万患有这种潜在疾病的人们的生活质量和寿命。©2023年。作者，独家授权给Springer Nature Switzerland AG。

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer worldwide. Despite the severity of the disease and its impact on individuals, families, and communities, there remains an overall lack of awareness and interest in this disease. The information contained in the chapters of this book shows that this is indeed a significant public health and socioeconomic problem with varying levels of country-specific awareness. In Southeast Asia liver fluke, O. viverrini related CCA is endemic with the highest incidence worldwide in northeast Thailand, yet it is treatable and preventable. The chapters highlight significant advances in our knowledge of the biology and epidemiology of the O. viverrini species complex, intermediate hosts, systematics, population genetics, and the complexity of the three-host life cycle. A comprehensive conceptual framework has been developed to assist in understanding the complexity of molecular mechanisms of CCA carcinogenesis and cancer development which can result in improvement of targeted CCA therapy. There have been many advances in understanding the pathology of CCA in the biliary tract, including advances in prognosis and molecular pathogenesis. The development of different modalities and their advantages for diagnosis have increased diagnostic accuracy, providing reliable information allowing appropriate treatment and management programs to be selected for each patient. Particularly exciting is the recent development of a urine antigen assay which has revolutionized the diagnostic approach of opisthorchiasis due to its simplicity, the non-invasive nature of sample collection, and its ease of use in field settings. Significant in-roads and advances have been made in the surgical and systemic treatment of CCA patients. Additionally, a sophisticated data collection and analysis system, the Isan Cohort, has been developed and established for the treatment and control of CCA. Importantly, a greater understanding has been made of the social, community, religious, and anthropological issues initiating and sustaining the eating behavior of raw, partially cooked, and/or fermented fresh water fish. Specially designed education programs/curricula, based on currently available multidisciplinary hard data targeting school children, have been introduced since the inception of the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP) and the subsequent strategic Fluke Free Thailand Model. The education program is being expanded to other provinces in Thailand and in the near future to other Southeast Asian countries, initially to Lao PDR, where the Fluke Free Lao PDR program has already been implemented. Despite advances that have been made in many disciplines focused on O. viverrini related CCA, raising awareness of CCA at all levels, particularly across endemic regions, is still needed, as is raising the awareness of CCA globally. As parasites and parasite related diseases have no borders, it is critical that an effective common strategic plan is instigated and established between all countries where liver fluke, O. viverrini related CCA is a significant public health problem, thereby increasing the quality of life and life expectancy of millions of people who suffer from this insidious disease.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.