成年人中最常见且最具侵袭性的脑肿瘤-胶质母细胞瘤，在治疗方面带来了巨大的挑战。传统方法，如手术、化疗和放疗，效果有限，中位生存期约为15个月。然而，对胶质母细胞瘤生物学的广泛研究已经发现了能够被新开发药物利用的分子靶点，从而引发了精准个体化疗法的出现。目前正在开发多种创新治疗策略，旨在提高疗效同时最大限度地减少副作用。正在进行的临床试验评估了靶向胶质母细胞瘤细胞的单克隆抗体的功效，通过阻断特定受体或改变阻碍细胞增殖的分子相互作用。另一种有前途的方法是使用特异性感染胶质母细胞瘤细胞的溶瘤病毒。此外，该综述还探讨了纳米载体的利用，以克服具有挑战性的血脑屏障，实现有效的药物输送。细胞疗法代表了另一种有前景的方法，其中树突状细胞、嵌合抗原受体T细胞和巨噬细胞已被视为潜在的治疗模式。通过总结针对胶质母细胞瘤的靶向疗法的最新进展，本综述旨在提供对于发现胶质母细胞瘤患者有效和安全治疗方法的持续努力的全面概述。终极目标是改善患者预后，转变胶质母细胞瘤治疗的格局。

Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor in adults, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment. Conventional approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have yielded limited success, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. However, extensive research into the biology of glioblastoma has identified molecular targets that can be exploited by newly developed drugs, leading to the emergence of precise personalized therapies. Several innovative treatment strategies are currently under development, aiming to enhance effectiveness while minimizing side effects. Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies that target glioblastoma cells, either by blocking specific receptors or by modifying molecular interactions that impede cell proliferation. Another promising avenue involves the use of oncolytic viruses designed to selectively infect glioblastoma cells. Additionally, the review explores the utilization of nanocarriers capable of surmounting the formidable obstacle of the blood-brain barrier, enabling efficient drug delivery. Cell therapies represent another promising approach, with dendritic cells, chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, and macrophages emerging as potential treatment modalities. By summarizing recent advances in targeted therapies against glioblastoma, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ongoing efforts to discover effective and safe methods for treating glioblastoma patients. The ultimate goal is to improve patient outcomes and transform the landscape of glioblastoma treatment.